In Vivo Evaluation of Hydroxyapatite Foams

Abstract

Porous hydroxyapatite manufactured by foaming of aqueous ceramic suspensions and setting via gelcasting of organic monomers was tested for in vivo biocompatibility in rabbit tibia for a period of 8 weeks. The foams provide tortous frameworks and large interconnected pores that support cell attachment and organisation into 3D arrays to form new tissue. The HA foam implants were progressively filled with mature new bone tissue and osteoid after the implanted period, confirming the high osteoconductive potential and high biocompatibility of HA and the suitability of foam network in providing good osteointegration. No immune or inflammatory reactions were detected

Porous titanium for biomedical applications: An experimental study on rabbits

“…A suitable porous network is required to promote extensive vascularization for bone ingrowth, rapid bone regeneration and good scaffold integration. Bone ingrowth rates depend to a large extent on pore morphology, the degree of pore connectivity, and pore volume (15), and it is known that pore connectivity is necessary to enable access of blood and nutrients for bone mineralization. On the other hand, larger pore sizes could weaken the porous scaffolds as a result of an associated reduction in density (18).…”

“…The gradient of maximum porosity must be adjusted adequately with respect to porosity and pore size, in order to ensure the scaffold's acceptable mechanical strength (11,15). The objective of the present study was to make an in vivo evaluation of bone ingrowth in two types of porous titanium manufactured by the powder metallurgy technique, and to evaluate their mechanical properties.…”

Porous titanium scaffolds produced by powder metallurgy for biomedical applications

“…A suitable porous network is required to promote extensive vascularization for bone ingrowth, rapid bone regeneration and good implant integration. Bone ingrowth rates depend to a large extent on pore morphology, the degree of pore connectivity, and pore volume 29 , and it is known that pore connectivity is necessary to enable access of blood and nutrients for bone mineralization 22 . On the other hand, larger pore sizes could weaken the porous implant as a result of an associated reduction in density 22 .…”

Nodule formation and mineralisation of human primary osteoblasts cultured on a porous bioactive glass scaffold

“…Tissue engineering aims to regenerate tissue via cell seeded resorbable constructs which will be directed to regenerate the target tissue by the material itself, the cells seeded within it and also the body's own responses. Much research is aimed at bone tissue engineering due to its high capacity for self-repair and has focused on hydroxyapatite scaffolds due to the high hydroxyapatite content of bone [8] and calcium phosphate due to the high content of calcium and phosphate within bone [9]. Many porous polymer scaffolds are being investigated such as porous polycaprolactone [10] and composites of natural (to enhance biocompatibility) and synthetic components such as collagen and polycaprolactone [11].…”