Extrato de plantas medicinais como carrapaticida de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

Abstract

RESUMO: O uso de plantas medicinais tem sido uma prática antiga da humanidade, contribuindo para a divulgação das virtudes terapêuticas de extratos de diferentes vegetais. Na busca de alternativas naturais eficazes para males que prejudicam indiretamente o homem, as plantas medicinais têm sido utilizadas na veterinária na tentativa de eliminar ou reduzir a ação dos carrapatos B. microplus, que podem trazer prejuízos a bovinos. Durante anos têm sido utilizado produtos químicos nesse controle, no entanto, os carrapatos adquirem resistência aos fármacos em decorrência do uso contínuo. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de hidrolato e extratos aquosos de carqueja [Baccharis trimera (Less) ABSTRACT: Herbal extract against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks. The use of medicinal plants has been a longstanding practice of mankind, helping to spread the therapeutic virtues of different plant extracts, due to their medicinal effects. In the search for effective natural alternatives for ailments that indirectly affect man, medicinal plants have been used in veterinary medicine, in an attempt to eliminate or reduce the action of B. microplus ticks, which can cause damage to cattle. For many years, chemical products have been used in this control. However, after some time ticks acquire drug resistance, as a result of continuous use. Thus, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of hydrolates and aqueous extracts of carqueja [Baccharis trimera (Less). DC], alfavaca (Ocimum gratissimum L.), necroton [Vernonia condensata (Baker) H. Rob.], chamomile [Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert] and also the essential oil of alfavaca (Ocimum gratissimum L.). The assays for larvae of B. microplus were carried out by impregnating the paper filter with the substances. The results showed that all the aqueous extracts were ineffective; the hydrolate of carqueja and necroton presented efficiencies around 30%, requiring further tests to prove. Among the results, we observed that the alfavaca hydrolate showed an efficiency of 76.7% at a concentration of 100% and the pure alfavaca oil showed a larvicidal action of 100%, indicating this plant's potential to reduce ticks, specifically in the control of B. microplus.

In vitro Acaricidal Activity of Ocimum gratissimum Essential Oil on Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Amblyomma sculptum and Rhipicephalus microplus Larvae

“…28-30 These differences can be attributed to the variation in tick cuticle permeability and thickness. 27 The control of R. microplus using O. gratissimum EO was reported by Hocayen et al (2013) 31 , but very high concentrations of EO were required to achieve mortality. Our results (LC 50 = 2.0 mg.mL -1 ) are 4.8-fold higher than previously reported by Hue et al…”

“…33 The mortality 30 and repellence 34 activity against R. microplus of EOs containing eugenol as their major constituent have been described, mainly against R. microplus. 25,26,31,34 However, activity against Dermacentor nitens 27 and R. appendiculatus 35 has also been reported. Nevertheless, there is a lack of reports evaluating the acaricidal activity of Ocimum gratissimum EO as well as its major constituents' effects against A. sculptum and R. sanguineus.…”

Ocimum gratissimum l.: uma revisão das atividades farmacológicas da espécie e do seu óleo essencial

“…As pesquisas indicam diversas outras propriedades farmacológicas para O. gratissimum: ansiolítica, em ensaios com as folhas em extrato metanólico 125 e extrato etanólico 92 ; antiemética, em estudos com as folhas em extrato metanólico 126 ; antiúlcera, em pesquisas da parte aérea em extrato etanólico 127 ; antiurolítica, em ensaios com extrato etanólico da parte aérea dessa espécie 128 ; anticonvulsivante de suas folhas mediante estudos em extratos aquoso 118 e em éter de petróleo 125 ; antidiarreica 129 e protetor de tecidos cardíacos contra cirrose por hipertrofia cardíaca 130 e de cardiomiócitos do estresse oxidativo 131 133,134 . Outrossim, estudos também demonstraram que o óleo essencial da parte aérea 135,136 e das folhas 137,138 manifestou ação anestésica em peixes, com ausência de efeitos indesejáveis e de mortalidade durante o Conexão Ci.…”

Application of polymeric nanoparticles for controlled release of ethanolic extract of guapeva leaves (Pouteria gardneriana Radlk) against Riphicephalus (Boophilus) microplus through in vitro studies

“…In Brazil there are 6 principal acaricidal classes, but improper use of them has generated resistant strains. It can be explained by the selection and recombination of resistance genes in tick populations exposed to acaricides selection pressures (Hocayen and Pimenta, 2013).…”