Association of homocysteine and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T) gene polymorphism with coronary artery disease (CAD) in the population of North India

Abstract

The implications of the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and the level of homocysteine in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) have been extensively studied in various ethnic groups. Our aim was to discover the association of MTHFR (C677T) polymorphism and homocysteine level with CAD in north Indian subjects. The study group consisted of 329 angiographically proven CAD patients, and 331 age and sex matched healthy individuals as controls. MTHFR (C677T) gene polymorphism was detected based on the polymerase chain reaction and restriction digestion with HinfI. Total homocysteine plasma concentration was measured using immunoassay. T allele frequency was found to be significantly higher in patients than in the control group. We found significantly elevated levels of mean homocysteine in the patient group when compared to the control group (p = 0.00). Traditional risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, smoking habits, a positive family history and lipid profiles (triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol), were found significantly associated through univariate analysis. Furthermore, multivariable logistics regression analysis revealed that CAD is significantly and variably associated with diabetes, hypertension, smoking, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. Our findings showed that MTHFR C677T polymorphism and homocysteine levels were associated with coronary artery disease in the selected population.

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and methionine synthase A2756G gene polymorphisms and associated risk of cardiovascular diseases: A study from Jammu region

“…Matam et al (2014) depicted that T allele greatly influences the risk of CAD in south Indian population (T vs C: OR = 3.1; p = 0.00001) 42 . Research on other Indian populations has shown MTHFR (C677T) gene polymorphism to be a strong candidate for CVDs 16, 43, 44. A non-significant association with CAD was formulated by Pandey et al (2011) despite having higher frequency of T allele in cases than the controls 45 .…”

“…Several investigators have implicated elevated plasma homocysteine as an independent marker for atherosclerotic cardiovascular condition 8, 9, 10, 11. Homocysteine and folate metabolism is dependent on couple of genes performing their specific role, but two genes namely MTR and MTHFR genes are considered critical genes for development of diseased cardiovascular phenotypes particularly congenital heart diseases12, 13 and coronary artery diseases 14, 15, 16. MTHFR enzyme is a co-factor for conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate.…”

Statin and MTHFR C677T Polymorphism in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases

“…Some previous studies reported a considerable difference between CVD patients and controls (12)(13)(14)(15), while others had no difference (16)(17)(18).…”

MTHFR Gene Polymorphisms and Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Clinical-Imagistic Features and Outcome in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis

“…Our conclusions of the study are on the same line with the conclusions of other studies from the literature, performed in various parts of the globe, as follows: the higher levels than normal in plasma Hcy levels translates into hyperhomocysteinemia which represents a risk factor the pathophysiology of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and also in the recovery of the injuries located in the cerebral area as revealed in studies from literature [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. In a study by Tripathi et al, following a North Indian population, MTHFR C677T polymorphism and higher plasma Hcy levels have also been related with coronary artery diseases [ 30 ]. MTHFR polymorphism referring to C677T and A1298C ; has been implicated in hypercysteinemia revealing an increased occurrence of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in the Chinese population [ 31 , 32 ].…”