“…The impact of rivers on population structure in the Amazonia has been documented in birds, small mammals, invertebrates (e.g., Aleixo, 2006;Colwell, 2000;Pellegrino et al, 2005;Ribas, Aleixo, Nogueira, Miyaki, & Cracraft, 2012;Vallinoto et al, 2006), and in trees and understory plant species (Huaman & Matthies, 2008;Nazareno, Dick, & Lohmann, 2017;Schleuning et al, 2011;Stevenson, 2007;Zhang, Zheng, & Song, 2007). Nonetheless, the extent to which rivers impact fine-scale population genetic patterns and in particular, how factors such as the direction of river flow structure populations, are unknown.…”