Expression of heterosis for productive traits in F1 eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) hybrids

Abstract

This study was carried out to obtain estimates of heterosis in crosses between seven eggplant cultivars (Embu = E; Santa Genebra = SG; Viserba = V; Aubergine de Barbentane = AB; Florida Market 10 = FM; Black Beauty = BB, and Melitino = M) and two breeding lines (B-14-07 = B1 and B-31-06 = B2). The F1 hybrids used were: E x FM; E x BB; E x M; E x B1; E x B2; SG x FM; SG x BB; SG x M; SG x B1; SG x B2; V x FM; V x B1; V x B2; AB x FM; AB x M; AB x B1; AB x B2 and M x FM. Cultivars, lines and hybrids were evaluated at the ESAL experimental field in Lavras, MG, from February to October 1992. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Significant heterosis relative to the parental means was detected for all traits studied. Their values ranged from +41.23% to +113.31% for total fruit yield, from -11.45% to +26.17% for average fruit weight, and from +27.98% to +141.81% for early production. Heterosis relative to the superior parent ranged from +13.89% to +92.51% for total fruit yield. Hybrid pairs: SG x FM and AB x B1, V x FM and AB x FM, E x M and AB x B1 were the most heterotic relative to the parental mean for total fruit production, mean fruit weight and early production, respectively. The hybrids displaying highest heterosis relative to the superior parent for total yield were AB x B1 and SG x FM.<br>Este trabalho visou obter estimativas da heterose em cruzamentos entre sete cultivares de berinjela (Embu = E, Santa Genebra = SG, Viserba = V, Aubergine de Barbentane = AB, Florida Market 10 = FM, Black Beauty = BB e Melitino = M) e duas linhagens (B-14-07 = B1 e B-31-06 = B2). Os híbridos F1 utilizados foram: E x FM; E x BB; E x M; E x B1; E x B2; SG x FM; SG x BB; SG x M; SG x B1; SG x B2; V x FM; V x B1; V x B2; AB x FM; AB x M; AB x B1; AB x B2 e M x FM. O trabalho foi conduzido no campus da ESAL em Lavras-MG, de fevereiro a outubro de 1992. O delineamento empregado foi o de blocos casualizados completos com três repetições. Em relação às médias dos pais, houve heterose significativa para os caracteres estudados, variando de +41,23% a +113,31% para produção total de frutos; de -11,45% a +26,17% para peso médio de fruto; e de +27,98% a +141,81% para produção precoce. A heterose em relação ao pai mais produtivo variou entre +13,89% e +92,51% para produção total de frutos. Destacaram-se entre os mais heteróticos, relativamente às médias dos pais, os híbridos SG x FM e AB x B1, para produção total de frutos; V x FM e AB x FM, para peso médio de frutos; E x M e AB x B1, para produção precoce. Em relação ao pai superior, os híbridos com maior heterose para produção total foram AB x B1 e SG x FM

COBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS IN EGGPLANT (Solanum melongena L.)

“…In order to improve yield traits, studies should be concentrated on how to use the useful production means such as suitable breeding programmes to produce hybrids of high heterosis and combining ability which in turn will be reflected in yield improvement (Al-Hubaity, 1996). Sousa and Maluf (1998) found through diallel crossing between 7 eggplant cultivars, significant heterosis relative to the parent mean was detected for total fruit yield, average fruit weight and early yield. Al-Hamadani (1999) in his study on the hybrid vigour, have obtained good F1-hybrids having many desired traits in eggplant.…”