Periods of constant and falling-rate for infrared drying of carrot slices

Botelho, Fernando Mendes; Corrêa, Paulo César; Goneli, André Luís Duarte; Martins, Márcio Arêdes; Magalhães, Felipe E. A.; Campos, S. C.

doi:10.1590/s1415-43662011000800012

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Segundo Botelho et al (2011) o aquecimento pela radiação infravermelha oferece muitas vantagens sobre a secagem convencional no qual a radiação penetra no material úmido e é convertida em calor reduzindo, assim, o período de tempo em que o material ficará exposto.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Kinetics of drying of basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.) in the infrared

Reis¹,

Devilla

Ascheri

et al. 2012

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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The objective of this paper was to model the drying curves of the leaves of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in the infrared at temperatures of 50, 60, 70 and 80 ºC and to evaluate the influence of drying temperature on the color of dried leaves. Drying was conducted in infrared dryer with temperature and greenhouse air circulation. Experimental data were fitted to eight mathematical models. The magnitude of the coefficient of determination (R²), the mean relative error (P), the estimated mean error (SE) and chisquare test (χ2) were used to verify the degree of fitness of the models. From the study it was concluded that: a) the behavior of the drying curves of basil leaves was similar to most agricultural products, the drying times in the infrared were less than the drying times in an oven with air circulation, b) the mathematical drying model proposed by Midilli et al. (2002) was the one which best adjusted to the experimental data, c) the diffusion coefficient ranged from 9.10 x 10-12 to 2.92 x 10-11 m² s-1 and d) the color of the samples was highly influenced by drying, becoming darker due to loss of chlorophyll with increasing temperature.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Kinetics of drying of basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.) in the infrared

Reis¹,

Devilla

Ascheri

et al. 2012

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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“…)/2.b) (Botelho et al, 2011) [6] The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) and root mean squared error (RMSE) were used as criteria to assess the fit of mathematical models to experimental data, according to Equation [7]: [7] where RMSE is dimensionless, MRpred,i is predicted moisture ratio (dimensionless), MRexp,i is experimental moisture ratio (dimensionless), and n is number of observations. Drying rates were calculated from moisture content data and drying times, according to Equation [8]:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical modeling for the annatto (Bixa orellana L.) seed drying process

Santos

Queiroz

Figueirêdo

et al. 2013

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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The pigment extraction process using annatto (Bixa orellana L.) seed produces a large amount of seed waste. Although most of these seeds are discarded, a number of studies report promising results with their use in animal feed. The good fiber content also suggests human nutrition applications, with possible incorporation in dietary foods. In the present study, annatto seeds derived from color extraction were dried, with and without the layer of oil left over from the process. Seeds were dried at 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C. Drying data were fitted to the Diffusion Approximation, Two Term, Midilli, Page and Thompson models. Drying was carried out up to a moisture content of approximately 5% wet basis. All the models studied exhibited adequate fit to the drying kinetics data of the annatto seeds, with coefficients of determination above 0.98 and root mean squared error (RMSE) below 1.0. Seeds with oil had longer drying times at 40 and 50 °C and shorter times at 60 and 70 °C. The coefficients of diffusion showed values between 2.67 × 10 -11 and 9.50 × 10 -11 m 2 s -1 and between 2.7 × 10 -11 and 6.21 × 10 -11 m 2 s -1 , while activation energies for liquid diffusions were 38.04 and 23.52 kJ mol -1 , for residual seed drying with and without oil, respectively.

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“…Produtos agrícolas diversos apresentam difusividades com magnitude de 10 -9 m 2 s -1 , a exemplo de soja (NIAMNUY et al, 2012), cebolas (KALSE; PATIL; JAIN, 2012), resíduos de oliva (MILCZAREK et al, 2011), cenoura (BOTELHO et al, 2011), maçã (ZHU et al, 2010. Em relação aos tratamentos 1 e 2, nota-se que as amostras que não …”

Section: Na Figura 4 Apresentam-se As Curvas De Secagem Das Amostrasunclassified

Secagem de grãos residuais de urucum por exposição direta ao sol combinada com secagem em secador acumulador de calor

et al. 2014

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ResumoO processo de extração do pigmento bixina resulta em uma grande quantidade de grãos residuais de urucum. A maior parte desse material é descartada, mas é possível aproveitá-lo incorporando-o em rações para animais e na alimentação humana. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se secar grãos residuais de urucum utilizando energia solar. Os grãos foram divididos em dois lotes, um com óleo, reproduzindo as condições dos grãos após a extração oleosa de bixina e outro lote sem óleo. As secagens foram realizadas durante o dia em base de concreto recoberta com lona de polietileno preta, com as amostras em bandejas e expostas ao sol; durante a noite metade das amostras foi posta a secar em secador acumulador de calor e a outra metade ficou em bancada de laboratório para controle. Os grãos apresentaram teores de umidade inicial e final de aproximadamente 18% b.u. e 5% b.u., respectivamente. A utilização do secador acumulador de calor no período noturno possibilitou a obtenção de amostras com razão de umidade abaixo de 0,1 na noite do primeiro dia de secagem, enquanto as amostras controle absorveram água no período noturno. Todos os modelos estudados apresentaram bom ajuste aos dados experimentais, com valores de coeficientes de determinação superiores a 0,95 e valores de desvios quadráticos médios inferiores a 0,1. Os coeficientes de difusividade foram da ordem de 10 -9 m 2 s -1 , para todos os tratamentos estudados, com as amostras de grãos sem óleo apresentando o maior valor. Palavras-chave: Bixa orellana L., secagem solar, resíduos agrícolas AbstractThe process of extraction of the pigment bixin results in a large amount of residual grain annatto. Most of this material is discarded, but you can enjoy it by incorporating it into animal feed and human food. This study aimed to dry grain residual annatto using solar energy. The beans were divided into two batches, one with oil, reproducing conditions of the grains after extraction of bixin oil, and other oilfree. The drying was performed during the day in the concrete base covered with black polythene bag with samples in trays and exposed to the sun; overnight half of the samples was placed in a dryer to dry heat accumulator and the other half was in bench laboratory for control. The grains showed levels of initial and final moisture of about 18% wb and 5% wb, respectively. Use the dryer heat accumulator at night allowed the collection of samples with the moisture ratio below 0.1 in the evening of the first day of drying, while the control samples absorbed water during the night. All models studied showed good fit to experimental data, with values of determination coefficients above 0.95 and average values of the squared deviations of less than 0.1. The diffusivity coefficients were of the order of 10 -9 m 2 s -1 for all treatments, with the grain samples without oil showing the greatest value.

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Periods of constant and falling-rate for infrared drying of carrot slices

Cited by 33 publications

References 15 publications

Kinetics of drying of basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.) in the infrared

Kinetics of drying of basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.) in the infrared

Mathematical modeling for the annatto (Bixa orellana L.) seed drying process

Secagem de grãos residuais de urucum por exposição direta ao sol combinada com secagem em secador acumulador de calor

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