Distribuição da água no solo para o dimensionamento da irrigação por gotejamento

Souza, Claudinei Fonseca; Matsura, Edson Eiji

doi:10.1590/s1415-43662004000100002

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Thus, as illustrated in Figure 3A, even two or three days after the water applications, the soil moisture gradient that is formed during the drip irrigations, as described in several papers (OR & COELHO, 1996, SOUZA & MATSURA, 2004, results in an increased moisture concentration at the central part of the wetted strip, that makes storage estimates based on the readings of the six tensiometers installed at this central portion (LAU) overestimate the actual storage value, as determined by the reading of all 24 tensiometers (LAB).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…For the treatment submitted to a fixed irrigation interval, that is based on high frequency irrigation events, the combined effects of rain, soil moisture redistribution, and soil moisture extraction are not able to dissipate, significantly, the lateral soil moisture gradient that, according to OR & COELHO (1996) and SOUZA & MATSURA (2004), is formed during water application events. For this scenario, due to the persistence of lateral gradients of soil moisture , water storage estimates based on the twodimensional computation process (eq.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water storage in wetted strips under irrigated coffee trees with different criteria of irrigation management

et al. 2013

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ABSTRACT:The increasing demand for water resources accentuates the need to reduce water waste through a more appropriate irrigation management. In the particular case of irrigated coffee planting, which in recent years presented growth with the predominance of drip irrigation, the improvement of drip irrigation management techniques is a necessity. The proper management of drip irrigation depends on the knowledge of the spatial pattern of soil moisture distribution inside the wetted strip formed under the irrigation lines. In this study, grids of 24 tensiometers were used to determine the water storage within the wetted strip formed under drippers, with a 3.78 L h -1 discharge, evenly spaced by 0.4 m, subjected to two different management criteria (fixed irrigation interval and 60 kPa tension). Estimates of storage based on a one-dimensional analysis, that only considers depth variations, were compared with two-dimensional estimates. The results indicate that for high-frequency irrigation the one-dimensional analysis is not appropriate. However, under less frequent irrigation, the two-dimensional analysis is dispensable, being the one-dimensional sufficient for calculating the water volume stored in the wetted strip.KEYWORDS: irrigated coffee planting, tensiometers, soil water storage. ARMAZENAMENTO DE ÁGUA EM FAIXAS MOLHADAS SOB CAFEEIROS IRRIGADOS COM DIFERENTES CRITÉRIOS DE MANEJO DE IRRIGAÇÃO RESUMO:A crescente demanda por recursos hídricos acentua a necessidade de redução do desperdício de água através de um manejo mais adequado da irrigação. No caso particular da cafeicultura irrigada, que nos últimos anos apresentou crescimento com predominância da irrigação por gotejamento, o aprimoramento das técnicas de manejo da irrigação por gotejamento é uma necessidade. O manejo adequado do gotejamento depende do conhecimento do padrão espacial de distribuição de umidade no interior da faixa molhada, formada sob as linhas de irrigação. Neste trabalho, foram utilizadas malhas de 24 tensiômetros para determinar o armazenamento de água no interior de faixas molhadas, formadas sob gotejadores, com vazão de 3,78 L h -1 , uniformemente espaçados de 40 cm, submetidos a dois critérios distintos de irrigação (turno fixo e tensão de 60 kPa). Estimativas de armazenamento baseadas em análises unidimensionais, considerando apenas variações na profundidade, foram comparadas com estimativas bidimensionais. Os resultados indicam que, com menor turno de irrigação, a análise unidimensional não é adequada. Para maior turno de irrigação, a análise bidimensional é dispensável, sendo a unidimensional suficiente para o cálculo do volume da água armazenada na faixa molhada. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: cafeicultura irrigada, tensiômetros, armazenamento de água no solo.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water storage in wetted strips under irrigated coffee trees with different criteria of irrigation management

et al. 2013

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“…the vertical movement of water in the soil occurs without major restrictions, especially from a punctual source of water application, with low flows. SOUZA et al (2004) reported that the two main forces that govern the advancement of wetting front are the gravitational and matrix potential, and depending on the applied flow, occurs initially the acting on the gravitational potential at the expense of the matrix potential, forcing the water flow in the vertical direction. The wet surface area with buried emitters is lower compared to emitter placed on the soil surface, moreover, it has not been possible to observe a direct proportionality between the flow rates used and the wetted area, as featured previously on emitters positioned on the soil surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To do so, it must have a combination of the flow emitter and spacing in the system, so that it can be applied the water volume compatible with the culture water demand, in a region of soil profile in which this water is effectively used (SOUZA et al, 2004;LOPES et al, 2009;MAIA, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of water in sandy soil applied by drip

Gonçalves¹,

Alves²,

Marques³

et al. 2014

Eng. Agríc.

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The search for the use of water with high levels of efficiency has motivated the use of drip irrigation in several agricultural systems. However, for the efficiency be ensured, it is necessary that the water distribution in the soil profile must to be known in more details. As it is a highly variable process, function of the local characteristics, is essential the study of each case. The objective of this research was evaluating the water distribution in the soil profile, from drippers installed in surface and 0.15 m below the soil surface. The experiment was realized in the Technical Center of Irrigation (TCI) of the State University of Maringá - PR. The water monitoring in the soil profile was done with TDR probes installed in a box containing sandy soil, at the depths from 0.05 to 0.80 m; and 0.05 to 0.35 m of lateral spacing, at intervals of 0.05 m, totalizing 30 probes. The treatments were differentiated in relation of the installation depth of the emitters (0.0 and 0.15 m) and flow (1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 L h-1). The irrigation time was 8 hours continuous with reading of the TDR probes each 30 minutes. The results allowed concluding that the wet area with the emitter positioned on the soil surface was directly proportional to the flow increase. For the underground dripper, this area was substantially smaller and the water losses by percolation were higher, mainly to the flows higher than 4 L h-1, which provided to unacceptable water losses that should be avoided.

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“…These often conflicting considerations require significant changes in irrigation system design and operation (relative to systems for maximal crop production) (Souza and Matsura, 2004). Among the available irrigation methods, drip irrigation offers key advantages for meeting contemporary water and nutrient management efficiency standards, since it allows accurate control of water supplied in small quantities directly to the root zone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal characterization of water and solute distribution patterns

Souza

Folegatti

2010

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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The use of drip irrigation and marginal water is growing rapidly in some areas, highlighting the need to develop sound fertigation practices that combine environmental and crop production concerns. In this study the spatial and temporal water and solute distribution patterns are characterized to underpin fertirrigation design and management systems. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes were used to monitor the distributions of potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ) and water from drippers discharging at a constant flow rate of 4 L h -1 in soil-filled containers. In the interactions between the different profiles, a gradient distribution of the solution in the soil was observed, with greater storage of solution close to the dripper, which decreased gradually as it approached the wetting front. To reduce leaching of fertigated ions, the frequent application of small amounts of solution during irrigation is recommended. Key words: TDR, drip irrigation, wetted soil volumeCaracterização espacial e temporal de padrões de distribuição da água e do soluto RESUMO: O uso de irrigação por gotejamento e água de reúso está crescendo rapidamente em algumas áreas, destacando a necessidade para desenvolver práticas de fertirrigação que combinem preocupações ambientais dentro da produção vegetal. Caracterizou-se espacial e temporalmente os padrões de distribuição da água e do soluto para auxiliar o dimensionamento e manejo de sistemas de fertirrigação. O experimento foi conduzido numa caixa de solo, com monitoramento por TDR da distribuição de solução de nitrato de potássio (KNO 3 ), aplicada via gotejador de vazão de 4 L h -1 . Observou-se distribuição em gradiente da solução no solo nas interações entre os perfis (umidade versus condutividade elétrica), sendo verificado maior armazenamento da solução próximo ao gotejador e, conseqüentemente, diminuição desta à medida que se aproxima da frente de molhamento. Sugere-se, para a redução da lixiviação dos íons fertirrigados, a aplicação de pequenos volumes de solução durante a irrigação, mas com maior freqüência. Palavras-chave: TDR, irrigação por gotejamento, bulbo molhado

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Distribuição da água no solo para o dimensionamento da irrigação por gotejamento

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Water storage in wetted strips under irrigated coffee trees with different criteria of irrigation management

Water storage in wetted strips under irrigated coffee trees with different criteria of irrigation management

Distribution of water in sandy soil applied by drip

Spatial and temporal characterization of water and solute distribution patterns

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