Internacionalização do ensino superior e os impactos da imigração na saúde mental de estudantes internacionais

Abstract

No cenário educacional contemporâneo está cada vez mais presente o fluxo de estudantes que almejam ampliar seus horizontes educacionais cursando o ensino superior em outro país. Com a imigração e a mudança de país e cultura, o estudante pode estar sujeito a um estado de vulnerabilidade psíquica devido à perda dos referenciais culturais. Nesse sentido, e decorrente do fenômeno de internacionalização do ensino superior, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar quais são os impactos da imigração na saúde mental de estudantes internacionais e quais os fatores de risco e de proteção à saúde mental destes estudantes. Para tal, foi realizada revisão de literatura em três bases de dados com estudos nacionais e internacionais, sendo elas: BVS-Psi, Redalyc e EBSCO. Os resultados apontaram uma diversidade de fatores individuais, sociais, institucionais e culturais que impactam na saúde mental dos estudantes internacionais, cujas expressões de sofrimento psíquico se concentraram em estresse decorrente da adaptação ao novo contexto cultural e acadêmico, acompanhado por mal-estar psíquico, sintomas somáticos, dificuldades cognitivas e quadros clínicos de depressão, ansiedade e estresse pós-traumático. Observou-se ainda a subutilização dos serviços de apoio psicológico nas universidades, a demanda no início do curso, a diferença cultural na expressão dos sintomas e a maior procura por ajuda entre estudantes mulheres, em relação a homens. Em conclusão, o estudo aponta a necessidade de programas de acolhimento e integração dos estudantes internacionais que possibilitem minimizar o impacto migratório inicial e assim colaborar para a adaptação socioeducacional do estudante.

Intercultural Metamorphoses: The Impact of Immigration on the Mental Health of Latin American University Immigrants

“…As we will see in the following categories, the deficiency in preparation for immigration can enhance the emergence of an acculturative stress process. Thus, the study corroborates that the absence of realistic information about the environments where they projected to study and live, the idealisation of the contexts and the potential unpreparedness for immigration constitute intensifiers of culture shock, as identified in the work of Silva-Ferreira, Martins-Borges, and Willecke (2019), which highlights that this is the most bypassable risk factor, especially among voluntary immigrants: "About Brazil, nothing. I didn't even imagine that Portuguese existed.…”

“…We also highlight the scant research on university immigrants in Brazil. According to the literature review conducted by Silva-Ferreira, Martins-Borges and Willecke (2019), only 11 articles were found between 2007 and 2016 in the BVS-Psi, Redalyc and EBSCO databases. In this regard and given the above, our proposal in the present study is to understand the impacts of immigration on the mental health of university immigrants.…”

Intercultural Metamorphoses: The Impact of Immigration on the Mental Health of Latin American University Immigrants

“…As we will see in the following categories, the deficiency in preparation for immigration can enhance the emergence of an acculturative stress process. Thus, the study corroborates that the absence of realistic information about the environments where they projected to study and live, the idealisation of the contexts and the potential unpreparedness for immigration constitute intensifiers of culture shock, as identified in the work of Silva-Ferreira, Martins-Borges, and Willecke (2019), which highlights that this is the most bypassable risk factor, especially among voluntary immigrants: "About Brazil, nothing. I didn't even imagine that Portuguese existed.…”

“…We also highlight the scant research on university immigrants in Brazil. According to the literature review conducted by Silva-Ferreira, Martins-Borges and Willecke (2019), only 11 articles were found between 2007 and 2016 in the BVS-Psi, Redalyc and EBSCO databases. In this regard and given the above, our proposal in the present study is to understand the impacts of immigration on the mental health of university immigrants.…”

Intercultural Metamorphoses: The Impact of Immigration on the Mental Health of Latin American University Immigrants

“…As we will see in the following categories, the deficiency in preparation for immigration can enhance the emergence of an acculturative stress process. Thus, the study corroborates that the absence of realistic information about the environments where they projected to study and live, the idealisation of the contexts and the potential unpreparedness for immigration constitute intensifiers of culture shock, as identified in the work of Silva-Ferreira, Martins-Borges, and Willecke (2019), which highlights that this is the most bypassable risk factor, especially among voluntary immigrants: "About Brazil, nothing. I didn't even imagine that Portuguese existed.…”

“…We also highlight the scant research on university immigrants in Brazil. According to the literature review conducted by Silva-Ferreira, Martins-Borges and Willecke (2019), only 11 articles were found between 2007 and 2016 in the BVS-Psi, Redalyc and EBSCO databases. In this regard and given the above, our proposal in the present study is to understand the impacts of immigration on the mental health of university immigrants.…”

Intercultural Metamorphoses: The Impact of Immigration on the Mental Health of Latin American University Immigrants

“…As we will see in the following categories, the deficiency in preparation for immigration can enhance the emergence of an acculturative stress process. Thus, the study corroborates that the absence of realistic information about the environments where they projected to study and live, the idealisation of the contexts and the potential unpreparedness for immigration constitute intensifiers of culture shock, as identified in the work of Silva-Ferreira, Martins-Borges, and Willecke (2019), which highlights that this is the most bypassable risk factor, especially among voluntary immigrants: "About Brazil, nothing. I didn't even imagine that Portuguese existed.…”

“…We also highlight the scant research on university immigrants in Brazil. According to the literature review conducted by Silva-Ferreira, Martins-Borges and Willecke (2019), only 11 articles were found between 2007 and 2016 in the BVS-Psi, Redalyc and EBSCO databases. In this regard and given the above, our proposal in the present study is to understand the impacts of immigration on the mental health of university immigrants.…”