Candida species isolated from the vaginal mucosa of HIV-infected women in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

Abstract

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the second most common vaginal infection. HIV-infection is a risk factor for this infection. Objective: To determine the frequency of VVC and to describe the main Candida species isolated and their susceptibility to antifungal drugs in HIV-infected patients, compared to HIV-uninfected women in Salvador, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study including a group of 64 HIV-infected women and 76 uninfected women, followed up at the AIDS reference center and at the Gynecological Clinic of Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (Salvador, Bahia, Brazil). Results: Frequency of Candida spp. was higher in HIV-infected women (29.7%) than in HIV-uninfected controls (14.5%) (p = 0.02). The odds ratio value for vulvovaginal candidiasis in HIV-infected patients was 2.6 (95% CI: 1.07 -6.32 p = 0.03). Candida albicans was the most commonly isolated species in both HIV-infected (52.3%) and uninfected women (85.7%), followed by C. parapsolis in 17.6% and 14.3%, respectively. In HIV-infected women, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and a coinfection of C. albicans and C. glabrata were also identified. There was no significant difference between Candida species isolated from the vaginal mucosa of women with VVC and colonization of the vaginal mucosa of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. One C. glabrata isolate from an HIV-infected patient was resistant to fluconazole and other two isolates exhibited a dose-dependent susceptibility. Conclusion: Our results confirm a higher frequency of Candida spp. isolated from the vaginal mucosa of HIV-infected women and a broader spectrum of species involved. Only Candida glabrata isolates showed decreased susceptibility to fluconazole.

The occurrence of vulvovaginal Candida species and their antifungal susceptibility pattern in HIV seropositive women in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran

“…showed considerable resistant to Amphotericin B and Itraconazole but antifungal susceptibility to Caspofungin. Although, there are similar evidences of Azole antifungal resistance in Candida spp in other studies too, [33][34][35] a considerable resistant to Amphotericin B was rarely reported. Hence, our findings emphasize on the use of non-Amphotericin B therapy in addition to non-azole therapy.…”

“…colonization and VVC were similar in both groups. Only the isolate of C. glabrata has shown resistant to fluconazole while others were susceptible to Amphotericin B, Voriconazole, Flucytosine, and Caspofungin 33 .…”

Sensitization of Candida albicans to terbinafine by berberine and berberrubine

“…A cross-sectional study has reported that Candida species isolation from the vaginal mucosa was more frequent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients (29.7%) when compared with uninfected women (14.5%). C. albicans was the most prevalent pathogen isolated in HIV-infected (52.9%) and uninfected women (85.7%) (7). A previous study investigated 128 Candida isolates from South Africa and 126 Cameroonian Candida isolates.…”

Meta-Analysis of The Prevalence of Genital Infections Among Hiv Carriers and Uninfected Women

“…All tests were performed using Review Manager (RevMan version 5.3.0) software and two-sided p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Djigma 2011 [34] Nowark 2011 [45] Gallo 2011 [40] Oliveira 2011 [17] Chiduo 2012 [30] Blitz 2013 [36] Hu 2013 [18] Apalata 2014 [20] Benning 2014 [41] Mackelprang 2015 [43] Masson 2015 [42] Alczuk 2015 [15] Massad 2016 [37] Reimers 2016 [38] Kriek 2016 [46] Alcaide 2016 [14] :High risk of bias: Unclear risk of bias: Low risk of bias…”