HIV subtype, epidemiological and mutational correlations in patients from Paraná, Brazil

Silva, Monica Maria Gomes da; Telles, Flavio Queiroz; Cunha, Clóvis Arns da; Rhame, Frank S.

doi:10.1590/s1413-86702010000500012

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A large proportion (67%) of subtype C infections in Porto Alegre appeared to be the result of the in situ dissemination of a single local lineage, here called BR-PA, which was probably introduced from Santa Catarina. Of note, previous studies have shown a high prevalence (10–35%) of the Circulating Recombinant Form 31_BC in Porto Alegre [13], [14], [15], an HIV variant rarely found (<4%) in Santa Catarina [14], [17], [18] and apparently absent in Paraná [7], [9], [10]. These results support the notion that expansion of local HIV-1 clades could be a quite common phenomenon in Porto Alegre.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…States from the south region (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná), which concentrate 20% of the Brazilian AIDS cases [1], display a distinct molecular epidemiology profile characterized by the high prevalence of subtypes C, B and BC recombinants. It has been estimated that subtype C represents around 20–30% of HIV-1 infections in Paraná [3], [7], [8], [9], [10], 30–45% of HIV-1 infections in Rio Grande do Sul [3], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], and 50–80% of HIV-1 infections in Santa Catarina [14], [16], [17], [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogeographic Analysis of HIV-1 Subtype C Dissemination in Southern Brazil

et al. 2012

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The HIV-1 subtype C has spread efficiently in the southern states of Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná). Phylogeographic studies indicate that the subtype C epidemic in southern Brazil was initiated by the introduction of a single founder virus population at some time point between 1960 and 1980, but little is known about the spatial dynamics of viral spread. A total of 135 Brazilian HIV-1 subtype C pol sequences collected from 1992 to 2009 at the three southern state capitals (Porto Alegre, Florianópolis and Curitiba) were analyzed. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods were used to explore the degree of phylogenetic mixing of subtype C sequences from different cities and to reconstruct the geographical pattern of viral spread in this country region. Phylogeographic analyses supported the monophyletic origin of the HIV-1 subtype C clade circulating in southern Brazil and placed the root of that clade in Curitiba (Paraná state). This analysis further suggested that Florianópolis (Santa Catarina state) is an important staging post in the subtype C dissemination displaying high viral migration rates from and to the other cities, while viral flux between Curitiba and Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul state) is very low. We found a positive correlation (r 2 = 0.64) between routine travel and viral migration rates among localities. Despite the intense viral movement, phylogenetic intermixing of subtype C sequences from different Brazilian cities is lower than expected by chance. Notably, a high proportion (67%) of subtype C sequences from Porto Alegre branched within a single local monophyletic sub-cluster. These results suggest that the HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in southern Brazil has been shaped by both frequent viral migration among states and in situ dissemination of local clades.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeographic Analysis of HIV-1 Subtype C Dissemination in Southern Brazil

et al. 2012

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“…HIV-1 subtype B has long dominated the HIV epidemic, accounting for more than 80% of cases nationwide. However, in recent years, the southernmost states (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and Paraná), where 20% of the Brazilian AIDS cases are concentrated [1][2][3][4], have experienced an introduction of subtype C and B/C recombinant forms. These forms have spread rapidly, reaching a prevalence of over 60% in some states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between KIR genotypes and HLA-B alleles on viral load in Southern Brazilian individuals infected by HIV-1 subtypes B and C

et al. 2016

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“…24 In that study, 82.5% of antiretroviral-naive patients were assigned subtype B, 6.2% were subtype F1, and 3.1% were subtype C. 24 We did not observe any case of subtype C virus in our study. In Brazil, subtype C is still mainly concentrated in the southern region, 25,26 although this subtype has been sporadically reported in the northern, 27 northeastern, 22 and central-western regions. 24 In southeastern Brazil, subtype C has spread recently 28 and has been described in many cities, 7,20,23,28,29 including a previous study of vertically infected children in our community.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance-Associated Mutation Prevalence According to Subtypes B and Non-B of HIV Type 1 in Antiretroviral-Experienced Patients in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Westin

Biscione

Fonseca

et al. 2011

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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The emergence of resistance-associated mutations to the antiretroviral agents and the genetic variability of HIV-1 impose challenges to therapeutic success. We report the results of genotype testing assays performed between 2002 and 2006 in 240 antiretroviral-experienced patients followed up in an HIV reference center in Brazil. Drug resistance mutations and viral subtypes were assessed through the algorithms from the Brazilian Genotyping Network (RENAGENO-Brazil) and from Stanford University. Mutation 184VI was the most prevalent (70%) and the thymidine analogue mutations that appeared most frequently were 215FY, 41L, 67N, and 210W, in this order. Among nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutations, 103NS (32.5%) stood out. HIV subtype B was identified in 184 patients (76.7%). A significant increasing trend in the prevalence of non-B subtypes was observed during the study period (p=0.004). The main differences in prevalence of mutations among HIV-1 subtypes were related to viral protease, with 20MRI, 36I, and 89IMT more prevalent among non-B subtypes, and 84V, 10FR, 63P, 71LTV, and 77I more common in subtype B (p<0.05). Most mutations to etravirine had a prevalence lower than 10%, but at least one mutation to this drug was observed in 45% of the patients. In only 11 patients (4.6%) three mutations to etravirine were verified. Regional surveillance of the resistance profile and HIV-1 subtypes is crucial in the context of public health, to prevent the transmission of resistant strains and to guide the introduction of new drugs in a specific population.

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HIV subtype, epidemiological and mutational correlations in patients from Paraná, Brazil

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Phylogeographic Analysis of HIV-1 Subtype C Dissemination in Southern Brazil

Phylogeographic Analysis of HIV-1 Subtype C Dissemination in Southern Brazil

Association between KIR genotypes and HLA-B alleles on viral load in Southern Brazilian individuals infected by HIV-1 subtypes B and C

Resistance-Associated Mutation Prevalence According to Subtypes B and Non-B of HIV Type 1 in Antiretroviral-Experienced Patients in Minas Gerais, Brazil

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