Hepatotropic viruses in the Brazilian Amazon: a health threat

Paraná, Raymundo; Vitvitski, L.; Pereira, João Eduardo

doi:10.1590/s1413-86702008000300017

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Nosocomial transmission, as well as transmission through needle sharing for therapeutic injections in nonmedical settings, contributed to the burden of HCV infection [40,182]. Blood and blood product transfusion was identified as the predominant route of transmission before blood screening began in 1992 [183,184]. HCV is a leading cause of cirrhosis, HCC and liver transplants in Brazil [49,185].…”

Section: Belgiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in selected countries

Bruggmann

Berg

Øvrehus

et al. 2014

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

238

192

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SUMMARY. Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading indicator for liver disease. New treatment options are becoming available, and there is a need to characterize the epidemiology and disease burden of HCV. Data for prevalence, viremia, genotype, diagnosis and treatment were obtained through literature searches and expert consensus for 16 countries. For some countries, data from centralized registries were used to estimate diagnosis and treatment rates. Data for the number of liver transplants and the proportion attributable to HCV were obtained from centralized databases. Viremic prevalence estimates varied widely between countries, ranging from 0.3% in Austria, England and Germany to 8.5% in Egypt. The largest viremic populations were in Egypt, with 6 358 000 cases in 2008 and Brazil with 2 106 000 cases in 2007. The age distribution of cases differed between countries. In most countries, prevalence rates were higher among males, reflecting higher rates of injection drug use. Diagnosis, treatment and transplant levels also differed considerably between countries. Reliable estimates characterizing HCV-infected populations are critical for addressing HCV-related morbidity and mortality. There is a need to quantify the burden of chronic HCV infection at the national level.

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Section: Belgiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in selected countries

Bruggmann

Berg

Øvrehus

et al. 2014

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

238

192

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“…We believe that this difference could be associated with the type of samples evaluated; while our samples were from a populationbased prevalence study, including asymptomatic individuals, the majority of the studies' published samples were usually derived from patients with established chronic disease or from patients with fulminant hepatitis 21,23 .…”

Section: Ethical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of the hepatitis B virus in autochthonous and endogenous populations in the Western Brazilian Amazon

Dias

Oliveira

Castilho

et al. 2012

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious public health issue worldwide. Hepatitis B virus is classified into eight genotypes, varying from A to H, with distinct geographical distributions. In Brazil, the most frequent genotypes are A, D, and F. METHODS: This study aimed to characterize the HBV genotypes in cases of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus (HDV) co-infections in an endemic area in the Western Brazilian Amazon. We analyzed 86 serum samples reactive for HBsAg from indigenous and non-indigenous populations obtained from previous serological surveys. RESULTS: Of the 86 reactive serum samples, 39 were found to be HBV-DNA-positive by semi-nested PCR. The genotypes were established by sequencing the amplified S gene region. We obtained 20 sequences classified into three genotypes: A, D, and F. Genotype A was the most frequent (60%), followed by D (35%) and F (5%). CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of the HBV genotypes reflected the pattern of historical occupation of the region.

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“…In this context, Brazil shows an intermediary prevalence (around 1.23%), with the highest rate (2.12%) in the northern region (Martins et al , 2011). Regarding the clinical evolution of hepatitis C, viral clearance occurs in 20–30% of the cases (Mello et al , 2007), and over 30% of the chronic infections may evolve to severe forms, like cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (Bode et al , 2008; Paraná et al , 2008). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor polymorphisms with chronic hepatitis C and responses to therapy in Brazil

et al. 2013

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Soroprevalence for Hepatitis C virus is reported as 2.12% in Northern Brazil, with about 50% of the patients exhibiting a sustained virological response (SVR). Aiming to associate polymorphisms in Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR) with chronic hepatitis C and therapy responses we investigated 125 chronic patients and 345 controls. Additionally, 48 ancestry markers were genotyped to control for population stratification. The frequency of the KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL2+HLA-CAsp80 gene and ligand was higher in chronic infected patients than in controls (p < 0.0009, OR = 3.4; p = 0.001, OR = 3.45). In fact, KIR2DL3 is a weaker inhibitor of NK activity than KIR2DL2, which could explain the association of KIR2DL2 with chronic infection. Moreover, KIR2DS2 and KIR2DS2+HLA-CAsp80 (p < 0.0001, OR = 2.51; p = 0.0084, OR = 2.62) and KIR2DS3 (p < 0.0001; OR = 2.57) were associated with chronic infection, independently from KIR2DL2. No differences in ancestry composition were observed between control and patients, even with respect to therapy response groups. The allelic profile KIR2DL2/KIR2DS2/KIR2DS3 was associated with the chronic hepatitis C (p < 0.0001; OR = 3). Furthermore, the patients also showed a higher mean number of activating genes and a lower frequency of the homozygous AA profile, which is likely secondary to the association with non-AA and/or activating genes. In addition, the KIR2DS5 allele was associated with SVR (p = 0.0261; OR = 0.184).The ancestry analysis of samples ruled out any effects of population substructuring and did not evidence interethnic differences in therapy response, as suggested in previous studies.

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Hepatotropic viruses in the Brazilian Amazon: a health threat

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in selected countries

Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in selected countries

Molecular characterization of the hepatitis B virus in autochthonous and endogenous populations in the Western Brazilian Amazon

Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor polymorphisms with chronic hepatitis C and responses to therapy in Brazil

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