Perfil de trabalho urbano de adolescentes de 14-15 anos: um estudo populacional no Sul do Brasil

Abstract

O objetivo deste artigo foi descrever os padrões de trabalho urbano em jovens de 14-15 anos do Sul do Brasil. O trabalho infantil foi caracterizado como qualquer atividade que resultasse em retribuição na forma de bens, serviços ou dinheiro. As análises foram estratificadas por sexo e nível econômico. Dos 4325 adolescentes entrevistados, a proporção de trabalho no último ano foi de 22,2%, sendo 27,7% para o sexo masculino e 17,0% para o sexo feminino. Essa proporção também foi maior para as classes D/E (30,0%) do que para as classes A/B (14,3%). A maioria dos adolescentes trabalhava fora de casa, aproximadamente metade começou a trabalhar antes dos 14 anos e cerca de 80,0% referiram trabalhar por interesse próprio. Apenas 1,0% tinha contrato ou carteira de trabalho, 30,0% trabalhavam mais de seis horas por dia, e a renda média foi menor do que R$ 150/mês. Os serviços domésticos predominaram entre os mais pobres. Existe a necessidade de maior monitoramento do trabalho infantil e de intervenções que busquem o cumprimento da legislação vigente.

Labor in early life, vulnerability for health in Brazilian schoolchildren: National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012)

“…As to gender differences concerning the insertion in the work market, girls had less chances of working than boys, as observed in other studies 7,22 . The act of working among girls tends to be underestimated, since they do household chores more often 22 ; this is almost an invisible activity, even for the girls. We also observed that adolescents who reported being indigenous and yellow had more chances of working than the others regardless of macroregion of residency.…”

“…In Brazil, the prevalence of work among students in public schools aged from 10 to 19 years old in cities in the countryside of São Paulo, in 1998, was of 70% 21 , while this proportion for adolescents in the same age group living in the city of Pelotas (Rio Grande do Sul State), in that same year, was of 17% 16 . Among adolescents in the birth cohort of 1993, in the city of Pelotas, who were interviewed in 2008, 22% reported having worked in the past year 22 .…”

Lifetime Paid Work and Mental Health Problems among Poor Urban 9-to-13-Year-Old Children in Brazil

“…This is also in accordance with Brazilian national data [ 17 ], since 63.2% of working 5-to-13-year-old persons were working because they wanted to, and not due to parents/caretakers' demands. Similar findings were obtained by a population-based study involving 4325 14-to-15-year-old persons from south Brazil, since around 80.0% of adolescents working for pay in the past 12 months reported that they worked by choice [ 23 ]. The authors also found that the proportion of working adolescents was higher among the poorer strata of the population (30.0%) compared to the more affluent (14.3%) [ 23 ].…”

Quail egg safety and trade on beaches of Salvador (BA): a study from a child labor perspective

“…In addition to contributing to the family income, other reasons were mentioned by vendors for having joined the segment, such as having an occupation or becoming financially selfsufficient by selling foods on the city's beaches, which coincide with the reasons reported by Gonçalves et al 34 when they described the profile of 14-and 15-year old adolescents in a mid-sized city in the Brazilian South.…”