Tendências das desigualdades sociais e demográficas na prevalência de doenças crônicas no Brasil, PNAD: 2003- 2008

Abstract

The aims of this study are: to evaluate the prevalence of chronic diseases in the Brazilian population comparing data of 2008 with those of 2003; to estimate the impact of chronic conditions on the use of health services and on the restriction of daily activities and to measure the differentials in the prevalence of specific diseases according to educational strata and the affiliation to a private health plan. Data were obtained from PNAD 2008 and 2003. The analysis included estimations of crude and adjusted prevalence ratios, using svy commands from Stata 11 software. The prevalence of at least one disease was higher in: the elderly, women, low schooling level, black or indigenous people, urban residents, migrants and people living in the south region of Brazil. The most frequent diseases were: hypertension, back and spinal cord disorders, arthritis and depression. Between 2003 and 2008, an increase in the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, cancer and cirrhosis was observed, and there was a reduction in chronic kidney failure and tuberculosis. All the diseases analyzed, with the exception of cancer and tendinitis/tenossinovitis, revealed a higher prevalence in low educational level strata. The greatest social inequalities were in chronic kidney failure, cirrhosis, tuberculosis and arthritis/rheumatism.

Arterial hypertension and associated factors in patients submitted to myocardial revascularization

“…In a study conducted in Salvador (BA, Brazil), the authors state that an improvement in the educational level and, therefore, in the socioeconomic level could minimize the effects of racial influence on the high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors found in that population (23) . Possible explanations for the influence of the lower socioeconomic level on health conditions of the population fall on their lack of access to the health system, beyond the lower degree of information and understanding of the disease and their determinants (24) . In addition, studies have already shown the negative impact the lower socioeconomic level exerts on physical activity and adoption of a healthy diet (25) .…”

Mental health and physical inactivity during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study nested in the BRISA cohort study

“…Women are more vulnerable to mental health problems during pregnancy due to the intense psychological and biological changes that occur during this period 19,21 . The prevalence of symptoms of depression, stress and 12-month prevalence rate of anxiety in women who are not pregnant is 5.9% 22 , 79.3% 23 and 11% 24 , respectively, while prevalence rates of symptoms of depression, anxiety and perceived stress in pregnant women vary between 12.8 and 25% 25,26 , 19.8 27 and 64.9% 28 , and 78% 29,30 and 93% 31 , respectively. Such changes in mental health can result in adverse health outcomes for mother and child, including preterm birth and low birth weight 32 .…”

Perfil e percepção de diabéticos sobre a relação entre diabetes e doença periodontal

“…Além das características biológicas, a maior percepção da mulher em relação aos sintomas e sinais físicos das doenças, o conhecimento adquirido no desempenho do papel de cuidadora da família, bem como a realização de mais exames diagnósticos por esse grupo, podem contribuir para essa maior prevalência 15,16 . Em relação à idade, observou-se uma média de idade elevada, assim como observado por Guimarães et al 17 .…”

“…Em relação à idade, observou-se uma média de idade elevada, assim como observado por Guimarães et al 17 . Este resultado confirma os dados de estudos anteriores que relatam um aumento da presença de doenças crônicas com a idade 15,16 .…”