O conhecimento sobre o câncer de mama e a mamografia das mulheres idosas frequentadoras de centros de convivência em São Paulo (SP, Brasil)

Abstract

A detecção precoce do câncer de mama em estágio inicial por meio da mamografia é das maneiras efetivas de se reduzirem as taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. Os objetivos deste artigo foram verificar o conhecimento que as mulheres idosas têm sobre o câncer de mama e mamografia; identificar se elas fazem esse exame e apontar os motivos que as levam ou não a realizarem esse exame. Trata-se de estudo exploratório de corte transversal, com 98 mulheres de três Centros de Convivência da Terceira Idade em São Paulo. Sobre o conhecimento da mamografia como exame usado na detecção precoce do câncer de mama, 55% das mulheres responderam que conheciam. A grande maioria (77,6%) costumava fazer esse exame, e 22,4% nunca o fizeram. Os motivos mais apontados para se submeter à mamografia foram: preocupação com a saúde (53,8%) erecomendação médica (38,5%). Os motivos para não fazer o exame foram: não ter recomendação médica (50%), nunca terá a doença (23,0%), não teve sintomas (19,2%) e medo (7,7%). Este estudo mostrou que o assunto "câncer de mama" é bem conhecido pelas mulheres, porém a mamografia ainda precisa ser esclarecida quanto aos seus objetivos e recomendações. O fato de termos mulheres idosas que nunca realizaram oexame aponta a necessidade contínua de realizarmos ações educativas sobre o câncer de mama e seus exames de detecção precoce.

Exame clínico das mamas e mamografia: desigualdades nas regiões Sul e Nordeste do Brasil

“…Other associated reasons to not have the MMG pointed out in literature include: lack of medical requirement [27][28][29][30] , not knowing age range in which the examination must be taken 27 , obstacles related to public services 27,28 , fear of performing the examination 27,28,30 , pain, discomfort, and anxiety regarding the examination 28,31,32 , and lack of time 28 . In addition to them, sociocultural aspects are also believed to influence care practices and and ways of noticing health needs and comprehension of how to prevent diseases in both regions and of professionals towards them 17 .…”

Knowledge about Risk Factors for Breast Cancer and Having a Close Relative with Cancer Affect the Frequency of Breast Self-Examination Performance

“…Recent Brazilian literature about early breast cancer detection is mainly focused on women's knowledge about prevention and mammography performance (Santos and Chubaci, 2011;Azevedo et al, 2012;Schneider et al, 2013;Vieira et al, 2015). Few Brazilian studies have assessed women's knowledge about BSE and underlying reasons for its performance: Most descriptive Brazilian studies about BSE, that mainly focused on intervention including small groups of women, have been conducted in southern regions of the country (Nascimento et al, 2009;Araujo et al, 2010;Kim et al, 2010;Grego et al, 2011;Silva and Riul, 2011;Gomes et al, 2012).…”

O conhecimento de mulheres sobre os métodos para prevenção secundária do câncer de mama

“…In this study this method was mentioned as preventive by only 26.8% of the women who were interviewed. A study carried out on elderly women in São Paulo noted that 55% of them mentioned MMG as the examination they used as a means of early detection for breast cancer 10 . Remember that the least prevalence found in our study can happen through the way the question is given about knowledge of the methods since women's responses were spontaneous and not helped by the interviewee.…”

“…In relation to screening methods for breast cancer, this lack of knowledge reduces thepossibility to exercise the power to ask for a ECM to be carried out during a routine doctor's appointment and to remind the health care professionals of the need to ask for a MMG when indicated to do so. The media plays the role of highlighting these issues and providing knowledge on the procedures used in the prevention of breast cancer 10,15,16 . We conclude that the existing prevention programs need to be bolstered and to form part of information campaigns about adequate methods for the prevention of neoplasia.…”