The perception of corruption in a cross-country perspective: why are some individuals more perceptive than others?

Abstract

We examine the foundations of corruption perception at the microlevel. Using micro and macro data, we focus on the incidence of personal characteristics and country effects. We extend previous researches by estimating sub-models taking into account differences in the countries of residence. Our database comes from the 2004 International Social Survey Program survey that includes more than 35 countries. Ordered probit models were estimated in order to study the impact of independent variables on the perceived level of corruption. This article argues that there are socio-demographic variables that play a relevant role in determining corruption perception (such as: gender, education, etc.). We find that country of residence matters and the model shows some relevant patters of behavior. Finally, we find a strong relationship between our ranking of countries and the Corruption Perception Index computed by Transparency International.

The Effect of Perceived Corruption on Entrepreneurial Intention: Evidence from Italy

“…These results reinforce the position of Melgar et al (2010) and Enstrin et al (2013) that corruption can be an inhibitor to entrepreneurial intention. Also, our results agree with the general idea according whom Italian students are limited in their work choices by "external variables".…”

“…What should be noted is that, despite these different definitions, there is an overwhelming consensus in the literature of the disruptive power that corruption has over economic systems. According to Melgar et al (2010), corruption perception is cultural phenomena that depends on a deviation from the social understanding of the rules. Indeed, it depends on personal and moral values and reflects the propensity of people to pay in order to receive something illegal.…”

“…Corruption does not directly reflect the degree of perceived corruption. High levels of corruption perception could have more devastating effects than corruption itself, generating a social phenomenon known as "culture of distrust" (Melgar et al, 2010). In this situation corruption perception can create "demotivation" in doing something between people.…”

Determinants of Corruption Perception in a Transition Country: Case of Albania

“…This finding is reported by Melgar, Rossi, Smith (2010). Next subchapter describes the methodology of the research.…”

The Influence of Socioeconomic Trends and Experiences on Individual Perception of Corruption: The Case of Croatia

“…This macro-level approach has provided a breadth of valuable information and understanding about corruption, and now research is moving toward understanding the micro-level determinants of corruption. Considerable research has examined the roles that gender, age, and educational levels have on permissiveness (Hofstede, 2001;Lavena, 2013;Melgar, Rossi, & Smith, 2010;, and has determined that different characteristics and backgrounds can significantly influence individuals' condonation or acceptance of corruption. Mishler and Rose (2008) found that individuals' experiences tended to influence their perceptions of corruption.…”