Mobilidade entre estados de pobreza e inserção no mercado de trabalho: uma análise para o Brasil metropolitano em 2004

Abstract

A relação entre dinâmica da pobreza e inserção no mercado de trabalho compreende questões como o que direciona certos grupos pobres a escaparem desta condição e o que induz outros grupos a entrarem na po-breza. Buscando analisar essas questões, o objetivo geral deste artigo é investigar a relação entre mobilidade entre estados de pobreza e forma de inserção no mercado de trabalho no Brasil metropolitano em 2004. Para o acompanhamento longitudinal dos indivíduos na amostra, a fim de captar a mobilidade, foi utilizada a Pesquisa Mensal de Emprego (PME) 2004 como fonte dos dados. O modelo de mobilidade, ou de transição na pobreza, é baseado em uma matriz de Markov, utilizando como estratégia para estimação um modelo probit com seleção amostral. A partir da observação do processo de mobilidade nesse modelo, foram calculadas taxas de permanência e de transição para a pobreza, assim como outras medidas de mobilidade, para cada grupo de condição ocupacional. Os resultados evidenciam a relevância da inserção ocupacional para permanência em estados de não-pobreza e transições para fora da pobreza.<br>The relation between dynamics of poverty and labor market includes some issues as what conducts certain poor groups to escape of this condition and what induces other groups to enter in the poverty. Seeking to analyze these issues, the purpose of this article is to investigate the relation between poverty states and way of occupational conditions in the labor market in Brazilian metropolitan areas in 2004. To follow up individuals in the sample, in order to hold the mobility, the Pesquisa Mensal de Emprego (PME) 2004 was used as source of the database. The model of mobility, or poverty transition model, is based on a Markov matrix, using as strategy of estimating a probit model with sample selection. Observing the mobility process in this model, poverty permanence rates and poverty transition rates had been calculated, as well as other mobility measurements, for each group of occupational condition. The results point out the importance of labor market aspects to permanence in the non-poor state and transitions to out of poverty

Measuring links between labor monopsony and the gender pay gap in Brazil

“…The gap persists, however, with some evidence of continued discrimination against female workers (Loureiro et al 2004;Arbache and Loureiro 2012). The large overrepresentation of females in the informal sector is additionally problematic, as informal workers experience longer spells of poverty, higher structural deprivation, and a higher degree of exposure to shocks (Machado et al 2007). Related to mobility is the finding that informal female workers face more transitory poverty (Ibid.…”

Where Are the Poor in Mainstream International Economics?

“…In addition to better accommodating the complexity of the phenomenon of poverty in its various dimensions, this concept also has the advantage of conveying the idea that poverty is not fought only with compensation measures to counteract monetary income (in other words, subsidies), but rather by enhancing the allocation of resources available to individuals and families in poverty, so that they can gain the capacities to ensure a dignified life. Hence, this explains the current emphasis on fighting poverty through educational policies and professional training (Alves, ), the promotion of health (Schultz, ), participation in the productive system and in the labor market (Machado, Ribas, & Penido, ), and payment for services to families and the community (Cardoso, ).…”

Do Changes in the Labour Market Take Families Out of Poverty? Determinants of Exiting Poverty in Brazilian Metropolitan Regions

“…These studies were carried out by Machado, Ribas and Penido (2007) and Ribas and Machado (2007). The first analyzed monthly transitions by using the PME for 2004.…”

“…But the same growth in the earnings of unregistered workers increases this probability by 6 to 12 per cent. According to Machado, Ribas and Penido (2007), poor workers are concentrated in the informal sector in Brazilian metropolitan areas. Thus, one can assume that the effect on unregistered workers tends to increase the income in poor households, whereas the effect on registered workers leads to a lower participation of poor workers in the formal labour market.…”