Abstract:OBJECTIVE: To carry out an anatomical study of the medial collateral ligament, an important elbow stabilizer in different degrees of elbow flexion-extension. METHODS: Forty elbows were dissected in order to analyze the functional behavior of the anterior, posterior and transverse ligament bands during valgus stress maneuvers of the elbow in different degrees of flexion and extension. Two groups were determined; in the group GPA the posterior band of the ligament was sectioned initially, then the articular caps… Show more
“…As for the treatment of MCL, a number of studies investigated the anatomy and its functional behavior associated with elbow motion. 21 , 22 It is well known that the MCL is completely ruptured and avulsed from its epicondylar attachment on the humerus in most cases with elbow dislocation. 23 , 24 Considering its role of the primary stabilizer of the elbow joint, surgical management of repairing the torn MCL seems to be warranted.…”
The aim of our study is to evaluate the clinical and radiologic outcomes in patients with terrible triad injury, who underwent surgical treatment with or without the medial collateral ligament (MCL) repair. Fourteen patients who underwent surgery with a minimum of 12-month follow-up (mean, 17 months) were reviewed. Based on the systematic treatment protocol, radial head fracture, lateral collateral ligament, and coracoid fracture were treated. Subsequently, torn MCL was repaired in 7 patients, whereas in the remaining 7 patients, the MCL was not treated. Range of motion, elbow function, and radiographs regarding the arthrosis and heterotopic ossification were assessed. At final follow-up, no significant differences were found in elbow motion or function between the groups with and without MCL repair; except the pronation and supination which had superior range in repair group. In contrast, radiologic findings such as the arthrosis were seen more frequently in patients without MCL repair than those with repair. Our results indicate the effect of MCL repair on elbow motion and function might be small, whereas osteoarthritic changes occurred more frequently in elbows without MCL repair.
“…As for the treatment of MCL, a number of studies investigated the anatomy and its functional behavior associated with elbow motion. 21 , 22 It is well known that the MCL is completely ruptured and avulsed from its epicondylar attachment on the humerus in most cases with elbow dislocation. 23 , 24 Considering its role of the primary stabilizer of the elbow joint, surgical management of repairing the torn MCL seems to be warranted.…”
The aim of our study is to evaluate the clinical and radiologic outcomes in patients with terrible triad injury, who underwent surgical treatment with or without the medial collateral ligament (MCL) repair. Fourteen patients who underwent surgery with a minimum of 12-month follow-up (mean, 17 months) were reviewed. Based on the systematic treatment protocol, radial head fracture, lateral collateral ligament, and coracoid fracture were treated. Subsequently, torn MCL was repaired in 7 patients, whereas in the remaining 7 patients, the MCL was not treated. Range of motion, elbow function, and radiographs regarding the arthrosis and heterotopic ossification were assessed. At final follow-up, no significant differences were found in elbow motion or function between the groups with and without MCL repair; except the pronation and supination which had superior range in repair group. In contrast, radiologic findings such as the arthrosis were seen more frequently in patients without MCL repair than those with repair. Our results indicate the effect of MCL repair on elbow motion and function might be small, whereas osteoarthritic changes occurred more frequently in elbows without MCL repair.
“…Since the posterior band inserts posterior to the anterior band, it tightens more in further stages of flexion. The posterior bundle alone contributes little to overall stability; however, at 30° of flexion it acts as a secondary stabilizer, becoming functionally more important between 60° and full flexion [ 39 ]. The posterior band may play an important role in posteromedial instability of the elbow [ 36 ].…”
Section: Anatomy and Biomechanicsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The posterior band may play an important role in posteromedial instability of the elbow [ 36 ]. The transverse band is believed to regulate the relationship between the anterior and posterior bands but has been shown to be of little significance in resisting valgus stress when sectioned in a cadaveric study [ 39 ]. Fig.…”
There has been an increase in thrower-specific elbow injuries in recent years. High valgus stresses during the late cocking and acceleration phases of throwing need to be compensated by the flexor pronator muscles as these can exceed the tensile strength of the medial collateral ligament complex. Prevention of injuries is the priority, with a focus on strengthening, reducing throwing frequency, decreasing force, and promoting a technique. The spectrum of thrower injuries ranges from a simple sprain to complete failure of the valgus stabilizing factors. The medial collateral ligament can stretch, leading to posteromedial impingement and radiocapitellar compression forces. This in turn can result in arthrosis and the formation of osteophytes. Ligament failure may eventually occur, making it impossible for the athlete to continue their throwing activities. The outcome of conservative treatment with strengthening, improvement of technique, and relative rest is often disappointing. Direct repair may no longer be possible in these acute-on-chronic injuries and a reconstruction with a tendon graft may be necessary.
“…Only the transverse part of the UCL can be considered a "false" ligament. This ligament has been the subject of a wide variety of studies due to its biomechanical importance in a number of throwing motions associated with sports, such as baseball [ 22 ]. However, although the stabilizing effects of the anterior and posterior UCL bands on the elbow joint are relatively well known, the anatomical function of the transverse band is uncertain [ 23 ].…”
Section: Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The transverse band is limited to the ulna, and thus the structural purpose of the ligament is more difficult to understand than those of the anterior or posterior bands. One proposed function for Cooper's ligament is that it may help the humeral trochlea fit into the trochlear notch [ 22 ]. More research to support this hypothesis is necessary.…”
This paper, although not an exhaustive review of "false" ligaments in the body, describes eight such ligaments. False ligaments are defined as ligamentous structures connecting separate parts of the same bone and are thus immobile. The ligaments reviewed include the suprascapular ligament, the transforaminal lumbar ligaments, the mamillo-accessory ligament, the transverse atlantal ligament, the transverse occipital ligament, the transverse humeral ligament, the coracoacromial ligament, and the transverse part of the ulnar collateral ligament. In this review, the anatomy and histological characteristics of each ligament are reviewed. Furthermore, possible functions and associated pathologies are described.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
