The determination of PAH by UV-fluorescence spectroscopy in water of Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Hamacher, Claudia; Brito, Ana P.X de; Brüning, Inái M.R. de Andrade; Wagener, Ângela de Luca Rebello; Moreira, Isabel

doi:10.1590/s1413-77392000000200007

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In addition, physicalchemical properties of some PAH, like chemical reactivity (photooxidation, oxidation), can contribute to modify the original distribution pattern of the emission sources. 18 Despite safety efforts from the oil company, oil spill accidents are inevitable and indeed have occurred in the past. In January 18, 2000, when approximately 1,300 m 3 of marine petroleum derived fuel oil were released into the Guanabara Bay, as a consequence of a pipeline transference accident at the Duque de Caxias Refinery of Petrobras, the Brazilian Oil Company.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18,19 Furthermore, the purpose of this study was to determine the distribution, the degree of contamination and the sources of sixteen referred PAHs by USEPA as priority pollutants, in sediments and water samples from 12 sites, during three months, in the Guanabara Bay north-northeast region by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data would help evaluate the recovery of the ecosystem before a major spill occurred 2.5 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments and waters from Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Silva¹,

Azevedo²,

Neto³

2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) foram identificados e quantificados em amostras de água e sedimento em 12 pontos da Baía de Guanabara. As amostras foram analisadas por CG-EM para verificar o grau de contaminação através do monitoramento do ecossistema afetado após o derramamento de óleo que ocorreu em 18 de janeiro de 2000. As concentrações totais de HPAs encontradas nas amostras de sedimento apresentaram valores na faixa de 77 a 7751 μg kg -1 em peso seco e de não detectado a 1592 ng L -1 em amostras de água. A maioria das amostras de sedimento foi classificada como altamente contaminada (HPA > 500 μg kg -1 ) enquanto a concentração nas amostras de água não apresentou valores suficientemente alto para causar alguma toxidez aos organismos aquáticos. A concentração de HPAs na Baía de Guanabara, quando comparada com outras regiões costeiras, está relativamente alta. Foi utilizada a razão entre HPAs de baixa massa molar/alta massa molar (BMM/AMM), fenantreno/antraceno e benzo[a]antraceno/criseno como indicadores da origem dos HPAs, os quais demonstraram que a grande parte da contaminação da Baía de Guanabara é derivada da queima de combustíveis.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were identified and quantified in sediment and water samples from 12 sites in the north-northeast region of the Guanabara Bay. The samples were analyzed by GC-MS to assess the degree of contamination by monitoring the affected ecosystem after an oil spill that occurred in January 18, 2000. Total PAH concentrations ranged from 77 to 7,751 μg kg -1 dry weight in surficial sediment samples and from not detected to 1592 ng L -1 in water samples. The majority of sediment samples were classified as highly contaminated (total PAH > 500 μg kg -1 ) while for water samples the concentration of PAHs was not sufficiently high to induce acute toxicity to aquatic organisms. In comparison with other coastal areas, PAH concentrations in Guanabara Bay are relatively high. The ratios of low molecular weight/high molecular weight (LMW/HMW) PAHs, phenanthrene/anthracene and benzo [a]anthracene/ chrysene, are sensitive indicators of the origin of PAH pollution, which have shown to be mostly from fuel combustion in the Guanabara Bay.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments and waters from Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Silva¹,

Azevedo²,

Neto³

2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…5,7,78 Overall, the short-chain n-alkanes (n-C 17 to n-C 24 ) had values in the range of -30.4 to -26.4‰, while the long-chain (n-C 25 to n-C 35 ) were between -34.0 and -27.0‰. The short-chain n-alkanes results are scarce and less representative of the entire set of samples in relation to the long-chain n-alkanes, but still provide a good example of the isotopic differences between LMW and high molecular weight compounds (HMW).…”

Section: Sediment Samples Clean-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 Therefore, the isolation of the compounds of interest from an unresolved complex mixture (UCM) becomes essential. Previous studies using hydrocarbons before 24 and after the oil spill that occurred in 2000 [25][26][27][28][29] show that Guanabara Bay is an extremely degraded environment. This results from the high population density and diversity of industrial activities in watershed, intense boat traffic and oil industry related activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compound-Specific δ13C of n-Alkanes: Clean-Up Methods Appraisal and Application to Recent Sediments of a Highly Contaminated Bay

Ceccopieri

Scofield

Almeida

et al. 2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Different clean-up methods to determine isotopic composition of n-alkanes were tested. Sources of organic matter in Guanabara Bay were re-examined through the δ 13 C of individual n-alkanes in surface sediment samples. The n-alkanes were efficiently isolated without significant losses of the compounds of interest. The δ 13 C of n-alkanes (n-C 17 to n-C 35 ) ranged between -34.0 and -26.4‰. More depleted δ 13 C values associated to higher carbon preference index (CPI > 4) suggest prevalence of biogenic n-alkanes from terrestrial origin in the inner stations influenced by inputs from mangrove areas. Small isotopic differences between odd and even-numbered chains and 13 C-enrichment in long-chain homologues indicate a petrogenic hydrocarbons contribution. Higher concentrations of short-chain compounds associated to a more 13 C-enriched total organic carbon (TOC) were found near the most intense sewage discharges. Results show that δ 13 C of n-alkanes can be applied to a highly degraded system as the Guanabara Bay and help improve the characterization of the organic matter. Keywords: GC-C-IRMS, UCM, urea adduction, organic matter, Guanabara Bay IntroductionThe composition and distribution of hydrocarbons in sediment samples provide information about the organic matter sources and transformation processes occurring in the environment. 1 Studies on n-alkanes have often been conducted to assess the origin of hydrocarbons, such as biogenic (marine or terrestrial) or petrogenic, found in the marine environment. The assessment makes use of the difference in the n-alkane chain length to draw conclusions on the sources of organic matter. In higher plants, for example, n-alkanes from epicuticular waxes show long chains and an odd over even-numbered carbon chain predominance. 2 Algae are characterized by shorter chain lengths with no expressive odd-over-even preference. 3 In contrast, n-alkanes in fossil fuels have a wide composition range, without predominance of odd or even-numbered chains. 4 However, despite these typical fingerprints, there are cases in which n-alkane profile of different classes of organisms overlap, resulting in ambiguous interpretations of the organic material sources. 5 Given this multiplicity of origins, an interpretation of the different sources exclusively by the concentrations of n-alkanes is very limited in more complex environments. 6 During the last decades, the carbon isotopic analysis of some biomarkers have been widely used as a valuable tool to better distinguish the sources of organic matter in marine environments. 5,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The carbon isotope composition in the biosynthesized organic material depends on both the isotopic composition of the carbon source used by organisms and the isotope discrimination that occurs during carbon fixation, which includes the steps of absorption and intracellular diffusion, and also the biosynthesis of the cell components. 15 Thus, when two classes of organisms present an overlap in the n-alkane distribution, additional information can b...

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Raman Spectroscopy in Food and Seawater Analysis

Sowoidnich

Kronfeldt

2015

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Raman spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique providing chemically specific information by excitation of molecular vibrations within the sample. This article starts with an overview of advanced Raman spectroscopic techniques for fluorescence removal and signal enhancement, namely shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS) and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Specially developed state‐of‐the‐art microsystem diode lasers provide the basis for custom‐designed portable Raman instrumentation enabling investigations outside the common laboratory environment. Selected applications in the field of food analysis discussed here comprise meat spoilage detection and authentication of meat species. Conventional Raman spectroscopy and SERDS combined with multivariate data analysis have proven successful for the determination of microbial meat status and animal species. Furthermore, shifted excitation resonance Raman difference spectroscopy was capable of high‐sensitive detection of food colorants in liquids. Using target‐specific developed SERS substrates and a combination of SERS with SERDS, trace detection of water pollutants has been realized in the case of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This includes offshore measurements in real seawater at selected locations in the Baltic Sea and the Mediterranean Sea applying underwater Raman systems. These application examples highlight the large potential of Raman spectroscopy for fast, sensitive, and nondestructive in situ monitoring purposes.

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The determination of PAH by UV-fluorescence spectroscopy in water of Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments and waters from Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments and waters from Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Compound-Specific δ13C of n-Alkanes: Clean-Up Methods Appraisal and Application to Recent Sediments of a Highly Contaminated Bay

Raman Spectroscopy in Food and Seawater Analysis

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