Efeito de doses de torta de filtro e modo de aplicação sobre a produtividade e qualidade tecnológica da soqueira de cana-de-açúcar

Abstract

RESUMOA expansão do setor sucroalcooleiro aumenta áreas de plantio, assim como volumes de resíduos (como a torta de filtro) que podem ser utilizados na agricultura como fonte de nutrientes, reduzindo a contaminação ambiental e os custos com adubação, entretanto, faltam informações sobre modos de aplicação. Nesse contexto, conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de avaliar doses de torta de filtro e modos de aplicação (superficial na linha e incorporado na entrelinha) sobre as variáveis tecnológicas e produtividade da cana soca. O experimento foi instalado em soqueira de cana-de-açúcar (SP 81-3250), cultivada em solo de textura argilosa, localizado no município de Goianésia/GO. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso (DBC), com onze tratamentos e 5 repetições, em esquema fatorial 5 X 2 + 1 que correspondem a 5 doses crescentes de torta de filtro (0, 10, 20, 40 e 80 t ha -1 ), combinadas a 2 modos de aplicação (na linha superficial e na entre linha incorporada) e um tratamento adicional correspondente à adubação mineral da Usina Jalles Machado S.A.. A aplicação de torta de filtro na cana-soca na dose de 70 t ha -1 proporcionou a maior produção de colmos de cana-de-açúcar, independentemente do modo de aplicação. Termos para indexação:Resíduos, adubação, cana-soca, métodos de preparo, Saccharum officinarum. ABSTRACTThe expansion of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivation for the production of sugar or ethanol has increased cultivated land as well as the volume of residues (such as filter cake) that may be used in agriculture as a nutrient source, reducing environmental contamination and fertilization costs. However, there is a lack of information about the best way of application. In this way, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of the filter cake dose and the application method (on the ground in the row and incorporated between rows) on the technological variables and ratoon yield. The experiment was installed on a sugar cane ratoon (SP 81-3250), cultivated in clay soil in the municipality of Goianésia, State of Goiás, Brazil. The experimental delineation used was randomized blocks with eleven treatments and five replications, in a factorial scheme 5 X 2 + 1, which correspond to 5 increasing doses of filter cake (0, 10, 20, 40 e 80 t ha -1 ) with 2 modes of application (over the ground in the row and incorporated in the between row) and an additional treatment corresponding to the mineral nutrition done by the company Usina Jalles Machado S.A.. The highest sugar cane ratoon production was obtained when 70 t ha -1 of filter cake were used, independently of the mode of application.

Filter Cake and Vinasse as Fertilizers Contributing to Conservation Agriculture

“…The yield of lettuce in Brazil [10] showed a linear increase with the application of filter cake from 0 up to 40 t ha −1 . The beneficial effects of filter cake were also demonstrated in Brazil [3] in a field study of ratoon cane where the application of 70 t ha −1 of fresh filter cake increased the production of cane sugar internodes.…”

“…It has been used as a complete or partial substitute for mineral fertilizers in sugar cane cultivation [3,4], in the cultivation of other crops [5][6][7][8][9][10], in composting [11], in vermicomposting [12], and as a substrate in the production of seedlings [13,14].…”

<b>The effect of filter cakes enriched with soluble phosphorus used as a fertilizer on the sugarcane ratoons

“…Their results showed a positive response in the productivity of plants and ratoon cane with increasing doses of filter cake, but they did not show any effects of mineral fertilization on yield coverage. Fravet et al (2010), in an experiment conducted on a Typic yellow soil in the municipality of Goianésia, Goiás State, also reported that sugarcane yield per hectare (TCH), as well as sucrose per hectare (TPH), increased as the filter cake doses increased. Likewise, Neto et al (2009) ) and saw no significant differences between different doses.…”

Filter cake enhances soil fertility and initial growth of wheat cultivated in a sandy Ultisol

“…The optimum estimated rate is also higher than other crops recommendations, like the data provided by Fravet et al (2010), using an already cultivated Oxisol that contents 35.3% of clay, settled the best sugarcane yield with the filter cake application of 57t ha -1 . Silva et al (2013) evaluated the effect of filter cake applied at a Oxisol with 66.4% of clay, under the lettuce cultivation, had the best used (Table 2), which represents only 42% of the K content of the filter cake used by Almeida Júnior et al (2011), who observed increase on K content of the soil, using filter cake rates at a 40% clay soil.…”

“…This residue can be used as a fertilizer because it is rich in nutrients such as phosphorus (1.1%), nitrogen (2.0%) (Vitti et al, 2006;Fravet et al, 2010), potassium (0.3%), magnesium (0.6%) and calcium (2.1%) (Prado et al, 2013). The use of filter cake as fertilizer can contribute to the reduction of fertilizer costs and viability of this industrial by-product in agriculture.…”