Avaliação de genótipos de cafeeiros Arabica e Robusta no estado do Acre

Abstract

RESUMOConduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de introduzir e avaliar 40 genótipos de cafeeiros das espécies Coffea arabica e Coffea canephora nas condições edafoclimáticas do Estado do Acre, visando disponibilizar aos cafeicultores acreanos, cultivares com melhor potencial produtivo. ABSTRACTThis work aimed to introduce and evaluate 40 coffee genotypes of Coffea arabica e Coffea canephora species in soil and weather conditions of Acre and had as main goal to provide cultivars to coffee producers with better potential of production. It was evaluated the genotypes Icatu, Bourbon, Mundo Novo, Catuaí, Obatã e Catimor from Coffea arabica species and genotypes Conilon and Robusta from Coffea canephora species. The genotypes were originated from Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC) and Embrapa Rondônia. The study was carried out in the experimental field of Embrapa Acre, Rio Branco, AC from 1995 to 2004 following a randomized block design, with 5 replicates. One studied characteristics such as yield, height, plant diameter and vigor. The best genotype of Coffea arabica species, Icatu group, showed to be the Icatu-PR-182039-1(IAC H 4782-7-788), which yielded 34 sacks/ha of clean coffee; right after came Icatu IAC-4041, Icatu IAC-2945, Icatu IAC-2944-MT, Icatu IAC-4040 and Icatu IAC-4046 with mean yeld from 20 to 26 sacks. For Catuai group, the best genotypes were Obatã IAC 4275, Obatã IAC 1169 e Catimor IAC 4466 with mean yield of 49, 45 e 37 sacks per hectare of clean coffee respectively. In the Canephora species were evaluated eigth genotypes of conilon and robusta which did not show significant difference among them related to yield, although it was observed a difference of 7 sacks/ha more for the gentotypes IAC 66-3 when compared to the local Conilon. In this group it was noted drought stress during the dry season (July/August) for all the genotypes.

The impact of climatic variability and climate change on arabic coffee crop in Brazil

“…A relatively high air temperature during blossoming, especially if associated with a prolonged dry season, may cause abortion of flowers. It should be noted, however, that selected cultivars under intensive management conditions have allowed arabica coffee plantations to be spread to marginal regions with mean annual air temperatures as high as 24-25 °C, with satisfactory yields, such as in the Northeast and North regions of Brazil (FAZUOLI et al, 2007a;BERGO et al, 2008). On the other hand, in regions with a mean annual air temperature below 18 °C, growth is largely depressed.…”

“…According to FAZUOLI et al (2007b) the cultivar Obatã IAC 1669-20 is resistant to coffee leaf rust, compact size, suitable for planting in rows or at high densities, and especially good yield and quality. BERGO et al (2008) evaluated 40 cultivars of arabica and robusta coffee from 1994 to 2004 in Rio Branco region, state of Acre, Brazil, where the annual mean air temperature is close 25 °C. The study was carried out in the experimental field of Embrapa-Acre, and authors concluded that the best yield performance was the Obatã IAC 1669-20 cultivar with significant difference in relation to the other cultivars.…”

CONTRIBUTION OFAGRONOMIC TRAITS TO THE YIELD OF Coffea canephora PIERRE EX A. FROEHNER HULLED COFFEE

“…Plant height (PHt) was grouped in four different classes, with amplitude from 0.92 to 1.87 m in the first harvest and from 1.36 to 2.39 min the second; a mean increase of 0.90 m between the first and second year of evaluation was observed. Bergo et al (2008) observed genotypes of C. canephora that after four years of growth in the field exhibited mean height of 3.55 m in comparison with the cultivars Icatu and Catuaí of C. arabica, which exhibited 3.33 m and 2.71 m height, respectively. According to Ferrão et al (2008b), this trait is predominantly under genetic control, with heritability estimates higher than 0.60.…”

Agronomic performance, postharvest and indirect selection of Coffea arabica L. cultivars for high-temperature regions

“…These results corroborate the study of Teixeira et al (2015), which when evaluating Arabica coffee genotypes in Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO, found yields of over 40 bags ha -1 on the cultivars Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15 and Obatã IAC 1669-20. Bergo et al (2008) also found yields above 45 bags on the cultivars Obatã 1669-20 and Obatã IAC 4275 in a cultivar experiment conducted in Rio Branco-AC.…”