Germinação e vigor de plantas de maracujazeiro 'amarelo' em diferentes estádios de maturação do fruto, arilo e substrato

Abstract

RESUMOO conhecimento dos efeitos de substratos, do estádio de maturação dos frutos e da presença do arilo sobre a germinação das sementes do maracujá é de suma importância para o desenvolvimento desta cultura. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a germinação e o vigor de plantas de maracujazeiro amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa Degener) em diferentes estádios de maturação do fruto, arilo e substrato. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repetições de 25 sementes, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 3, com 2 estádios de maturação do fruto (maduro e murcho), presença e ausência do arilo e 3 substratos (vermiculita, areia e areia + terra + esterco (bovino). As características avaliadas foram: germinação, índice de velocidade de emergência, plântulas normais e anormais, sementes duras e deterioradas e massa seca da parte aérea e da raiz (mg). As sementes de frutos murchos apresentaram maior porcentagem de germinação, acontecendo o mesmo quando se fez a remoção do arilo. A velocidade de emergência das plântulas foi favorecida pelo plantio de sementes de frutos murchos com arilo no substrato areia + terra + esterco.Termos para indexação: Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa Degener, maracujá, propagação. ABSTRACTThe knowledge of substrate effects, stages of fruits maturation and presence of the aril on the passion fruit seeds germination is importante for development of this culture. Therefore, the objective of this work was to study the germination and vigor of passion fruit seed on different stages of fruits maturation, substrate and presence of the aril. An experiment was set up on an entirely randomized design following a factorial arrangement of 2 x 2 x 3, with four replications of 25 seeds, in order to determine the effects of two stages of fruit maturation (ripe and withered), presence and absence of aril and three substrate (vermiculite, sand and soil+sand+dung (bovine). Evaluation were performed for the germination (%); index of emergency speed; normal and abnormal seedlings (%); hard seeds and deteriorated (%) and mass dries of aerial part and of root (mg). The seeds of (vermiculite, sand and soil+sand+dung (bovine). Evaluation were performed for the germination (%); index of emergency speed; normal and abnormal seedlings (%); hard seeds and deteriorated (%) and mass dries of aerial part and of root (mg). The withered fruits presented larger germination percentage, happening the same when it was made the removal of the arilo. The speed of emergency of the seedlings was favored by the planting of seeds of withered fruits with aril in the soil + sand + dung substrate.

Influência de métodos de remoção do arilo na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Passiflora alata Curtis

“…Analisando o fato de a presença do arilo nas sementes ter proporcionado emergência estatisticamente similar aos melhores resultados, não se pode deixar de supor, como relatou Lopes et al (2007), a existência de microrganismos nessas condições, atraídos pela presença do arilo e que, ao atacá-lo, destroem a barreira ao contato imediato com a semente, além de resultar matéria orgânica na mistura. …”

Perspectives for a Framework to Understand Aril Initiation and Development

“…Typically, the fruits of Passiflora are indehiscent berries, rarely a dehiscent capsule, very variable in shape, size, and color, and in general produces a mucilaginous or aqueous acidic pulp, forming a cupuliform or saccate aril, covering each of numerous seeds ( Figure 3 ) (Cervi, 1997; Dhawan et al, 2004). Passionfruit propagation is mainly carried out by seeds (Pereira and Dias, 2000), and the aril works as a reward for its dispersing agents (Ulmer and MacDougal, 2004), therefore, being directly related to the reproductive success of the wild species (Fenster et al, 2004), which highlights the ecological importance of this structure.…”

The physiological quality of the seeds of passion fruit (Passiflora spp.) grown at different altitudes

“…The germination is slow and non-uniform due to the different factors such as the use of seeds obtained from unselected plants, the presence of phytoregulatory substances and seeds with impermeable integuments, and the presence of fungi associated with the seeds (Lopes et al, 2007). The aryl extracts contain steroids and triterpenoids that inhibit the germination of the seeds of passion fruit (Martins et al, 2010).…”