Proposta de gestão integrada das águas urbanas como estratégia de promoção da segurança hídrica: o caso de Fortaleza

Abstract

Proposta de gestão integrada das águas urbanas como estratégia de promoção da segurança hídrica: o caso de Fortaleza Proposal of integrated urban waters management as a strategy to promote water security: the Fortaleza case ABSTRACT The study proposes the use of integrated urban water-management models as a strategy to promote water security and drought preparedness. It was developed in two stages: assessment of water system's vulnerability; proposition of the integrated urban water management model. In the first step, a flow network model was used to simulate the water system. In the second stage, the inductive method was applied after conducting an exploratory research. The assessment of the water vulnerabilities revealed a deficit in Fortaleza's water supply in 2.56% of the simulated period and the complete emptying of Castanhão's reservoir in 6.52% of the months. The integrated urban water management model is based on the management of water supply and water demand. In the first case, it is proposed that Fortaleza's supply system be constituted by conventional water sources (surface waters) and by alternative sources (groundwater, rainwater, desalination of sea water). For the management of demand, it is pointed out the use of water saving plumbing fixtures and financial mechanisms. This model presents a more robust matrix of water supply sources, which increases the water security of urban centers.

Forecasting Urban Water Demand Using Cellular Automata

“…The water micro-metering data, which refer to data on user consumption, was collected from the Ceará Water and Wastewater Company (CAGECE) for the period between 2009 and 2017. Fortaleza's raw water supply is composed of local and interregional waters from the Jaguaribe-Metropolitano system [25]. The local supply is stored in five reservoirs that have a total capacity of 871 hm 3 , namely: Gavião, Pacoti, Riachão, Pacajus, and Aracoiaba.…”

“…Fortaleza's raw water supply is composed of local and interregional waters from the Jaguaribe-Metropolitano system [25]. The local supply is stored in five reservoirs that have a total capacity of 871 hm 3 , namely: Gavião, Pacoti, Riachão, Pacajus, and Aracoiaba.…”

Interfaces entre a produção do espaço urbano e o risco de desabastecimento de água

“…Entretanto, as raízes desse desequilíbrio estão fundamentalmente no processo histórico da produção do espaço urbano, aspecto que tem sido negligenciado em tais debates. Alguns estudos abordam tangencialmente essa interface (e.g., GARCIAS; SANCHES, 2009; CORDÃO; RUFINO; ARAÚJO, 2013;BUTLER, 2014;ALEIXO et al, 2016;DESAI, 2018;SILVA et al, 2019;GOLDMAN;NARAYAN, 2019), mas não chegam a explorá-la com profundidade.…”