Vulnerabilidade domiciliar em situação de intermitência no abastecimento de água

Abstract

RESUMO Os sistemas de abastecimento em regime de intermitência fornecem água aos usuários por um período limitado de tempo, produzindo efeitos adversos à rede de abastecimento de água e aos usuários do sistema, em especial os usuários domésticos, cuja demanda é pouco flexível e a capacidade de adaptação limitada. Neste trabalho é proposto um conjunto simplificado de indicadores que permite identificar diferentes níveis de vulnerabilidade ao desabastecimento de água aos quais uma população urbana está sujeita em situação de intermitência no abastecimento. Os indicadores podem ser obtidos de dados censitários, de informações topológicas, topográficas e hidráulicas do sistema de abastecimento e de levantamentos cadastrais ou de sensoriamento remoto da localidade, podendo ser processados em Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIGs). Os indicadores são aplicados ao caso de Campina Grande, Paraíba, com base em levantamentos disponíveis sobre usuários que vivenciaram a situação de intermitência no abastecimento. Os resultados permitem a identificação das áreas cujos usuários podem ser potencialmente mais afetados pela intermitência no abastecimento e a recomendação de medidas mitigadoras para a redução de sua vulnerabilidade.

Relationship between microcephaly and indicators of social inequality in the state of Paraíba, Brazil

“…(20) A study carried out in Campina Grande, the second most populous municipality in the state of Paraíba, identified that the city has flaws in the water distribution system, as confirmed in this study; our data showed that this municipality had one of the least adequate water supply systems. (21) Poor water supply conditions are also related to the socioeconomic conditions of the population, since inadequate housing standards and low incomes have been associated to poor sanitation and water distribution conditions, in addition to gaps in the implementation of adaptation measures in households. (21) Regarding socioeconomic aspects, the municipalities of Campina Grande, João Pessoa, and Cabedelo had the highest average household incomes, indicating that these cities have more resources for the diagnosis and notification of microcephaly cases.…”

“…(21) Poor water supply conditions are also related to the socioeconomic conditions of the population, since inadequate housing standards and low incomes have been associated to poor sanitation and water distribution conditions, in addition to gaps in the implementation of adaptation measures in households. (21) Regarding socioeconomic aspects, the municipalities of Campina Grande, João Pessoa, and Cabedelo had the highest average household incomes, indicating that these cities have more resources for the diagnosis and notification of microcephaly cases. A study conducted in the state of Rio Grande do Norte found a relationship between average household income and the average incidence rate of the Zika virus in 2015 and 2016, which was attributed to better access to health services found in capital cities and metropolitan regions.…”

“…( 21 ) Poor water supply conditions are also related to the socioeconomic conditions of the population, since inadequate housing standards and low incomes have been associated to poor sanitation and water distribution conditions, in addition to gaps in the implementation of adaptation measures in households. ( 21 )…”

Effect of environmental factors in reducing the prevalence of schistosomiasis in schoolchildren: A panel analysis of three extensive national prevalence surveys in Brazil (1950–2018)

“…In addition, discontinuity of water supply produces other adverse effects, such as deterioration of water networks designed for continuous supply, leading to leaks and modification of the water quality standard. Consequently, users adapt to meet adversities, highlighting the inequality and vulnerability to shortages to which a city or region is exposed [45]. An intervention study that considered households before and after the installation of piped water showed that the replacement of surface water by piped water utilization occurs significantly only when more water is used (more than 1,000 liters of piped water per person per year).…”

Aedes Aegypti—Insights on the Impact of Water Services

“…The WS irregularity data is considered without specifying how many hours or days events occur. Besides that, different areas of the municipalities show specific degrees of irregularity according to their different physical and socio-economic characteristics (Diniz, 2019). Irregularity are factors that can accentuate inequalities within municipalities, and diseases are often identified with location within cities.…”