Padrão respiratório e movimento toracoabdominal de crianças respiradoras orais

Tcs, Brant; Parreira, VF; Mc, Mancini; Hmg, Becker; Afc, Reis; Britto, RR

doi:10.1590/s1413-35552008005000010

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A previous study that aimed to characterize the breathing pattern and the thoracoabdominal movement of children at rest through respiratory induction plethysmography reported results similar to ours when observing the volume variation and breathing pattern of children with MBS compared to nose-breathing children. 32 Another study, conducted in healthy adults and using optoelectronic plethysmography, also corroborates our findings with similar increases in chest wall V T (due to V T increases in the pulmonary rib cage and in the abdominal rib cage), inspiratory time, and total time of the respiratory cycle in response to the use of inspiratory loads, which ranged from 0 to 40 cm H 2 O). 33 We correlate the increase in inspiratory time to a greater time for lung filling, which also increases the end-inspiratory volume.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Effects of Inspiratory Load on Chest Wall Kinematics, Breathing Pattern, and Respiratory Muscle Activity of Mouth-Breathing Children

et al. 2020

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BACKGROUND: We sought to evaluate the acute effects of different inspiratory loads using nasal and oral interfaces on the volumes of the chest wall and its compartments, breathing pattern, and respiratory muscle activation in children with mouth-breathing syndrome. METHODS: Children with mouth-breathing syndrome were randomized into 2 groups, one with an inspiratory load intensity 20% of maximum inspiratory pressure (n 5 14), and the other with an inspiratory load intensity 40% of maximum inspiratory pressure (n 5 15). The chest wall volumes and electromyography of sternocleidomastoid, rectus abdominis, scalene, and internal intercostal muscles were used to analyze respiration against the 2 load intensities and using 2 interfaces (ie, nasal and oral). RESULTS: A total of 72 children with mouth-breathing syndrome were recruited, and 29 were evaluated in this study. The use of inspiratory load promoted improvement in the components of the breathing pattern: breathing frequency (P 5 .039), inspiratory time (P 5 .03), and total respiratory time (P 5 .043); and increases in tidal volume (P < .001), end-inspiratory volume (P < .001), and electrical activity of scalene muscles and sternocleidomastoid muscles (P < .001) when compared to quiet breathing. The load imposed via a nasal interface versus an oral interface provided an increase in tidal volume (P 5 .030), endinspiratory volume (P 5 .02), and electrical activity of scalene muscles (P < .001) and sternocleidomastoid muscles (P 5 .02). CONCLUSIONS: The use of acute inspiratory loads improved the breathing pattern and increased lung volume and electrical activity of inspiratory muscles. This work brings new perspective to the investigation of using nasal interfaces during the application of inspiratory loads. The nasal interface was more effective compared to the oral interface commonly used in clinical practice.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Effects of Inspiratory Load on Chest Wall Kinematics, Breathing Pattern, and Respiratory Muscle Activity of Mouth-Breathing Children

et al. 2020

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“…A comparison between reported values for RTC in children [37] and adults [25] also indicates that ribcage contribution may increase from childhood to adulthood and that is where we have seen the most pronouced increase in our study. Reported values for ribcage contribution seem to be inconsistent [25,37,38] but most studies agree that RTC is higher in females and that ribcage contribution decreases with age in healthy seated adults. We speculate that this descripancy may be due to inclusion of both children and adults in determining the reference equation.…”

Section: Relative Thoracic Contribution (Rtc)supporting

confidence: 72%

Reference equations for tidal breathing parameters using structured light plethysmography

Motamedi-Fakhr¹,

Iles

Barker

et al. 2021

ERJ Open Res

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Tidal breathing measurements can be used to identify changes in respiratory status. Structured light plethysmography (SLP) is a non-contact tidal breathing measurement technique. Lack of reference equations for SLP parameters makes clinical decision-making difficult. We have developed a set of growth adjusted reference equations for seven clinically pertinent parameters of respiratory rate (RR), inspiratory time (Ti), expiratory time (Te), duty cycle (Ti/Total-breath-time), phase (thoraco-abdominal asynchrony or TAA), relative thoracic contribution (RTC) and IE50 (tidal inspiratory/expiratory flow at 50% volume).Reference equations were developed based on a cohort of 198 seated healthy subjects (age 2–75 years, height 82 cm–194 cm, 108 Male). We adopted the same methodological approach as the global lung function initiative (GLI) report on spirometric reference equations [1]. Five minutes of tidal breathing was recorded per subject. Parameters were summarised with their medians. The online supplement provided is an integral part of this work and a reference range calculator is also provided therein.We found predicted RR to decrease with age and height rapidly in the first 20 years and slowly thereafter. Expected Ti, Te and RTC followed the opposite trend. RTC was 6.7% higher in females. Duty cycle increased with age, peaked at 13 and decreased after. TAA was high and variable in early life and declined rapidly with age. Predicted IE50 was constant as it did not correlate with growth.These reference ranges for seven key measures ensure clinicians and researchers can identify tidal breathing patterns in disease and better understand and interpret SLP and tidal breathing data.

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“…6 Breathing through the mouth may lead to changes in the respiratory pattern, which presents an increased respiratory rate associated with decreased amplitude and the need to use the accessory musculature involved in aspiration in order to overcome high nasal resistance. 24 With regard to orofacial alterations of mouth breathers, the literature cites long and narrow faces; parted lips, with the upper one short and lower one averted; poorly developed jaws; infraorbital cyanosis; decreased orofacial musculature; expressionless face; hypotonia of the tongue; atypical swallowing; and craniofacial malformations. The postural alterations observed include asymmetry of the thorax, anteriorized shoulders, flexed head, forward rotation of the shoulders, forward flexed neck, rectification of the cervical spine, and impaired posture of the lower limbs.…”

Section: Characteristics and Positional Compensation Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of physical therapy in the quality of life of mouth breathing children: Literature review

França¹,

Ferreira²,

Lima³

et al. 2019

BJHBS

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Introduction: The correct breathing process is through thenasal route, since it provides that the air during aspiration isfiltered, humidified and heated, thus conditioning the lungsfor gas exchange to occur. Allergic processes or other formsof affections can lead to the obstruction of the passage of airthrough the nose, leading the body to make an alternativeadaptation for the passage of air to occur through the mouth.A person who uses the mouth to breathe is called a mouthbreather. Once this adaptive process occurs, as a way tocompensate for this alternative airway, the body promotesa series of alterations in several segments of the body, such aschanges in the postural, respiratory, behavioral and stomatognathicsystems. Several techniques are used to treat themusculoskeletal dysfunctions presented by mouth breathers.Objective: to analyze how physiotherapy can contribute tothe improvement of the quality of life of mouth breathingchildren and to find out which are the most effective treatments.Methods: a search of data in the literature was carriedout by consulting the following electronic databases: Scielo,Bireme, Pub Med, Lilacs Google Scholar, as well as specializedbooks in the field. We excluded articles published before theyear 2000. Result: Among the analyzed articles, we perceivethat the treatment of mouth breathers occurs in a multidisciplinaryway, since it presents changes that encompassseveral body and systemic segments. Among the professionalsinvolved in the rehabilitation process, we highlight therole of physiotherapists. Conclusion: the physiotherapist isqualified to intervene in this pathology, with expertise inevaluation and establishment of the best treatment program,with physiotherapeutic conduits, allowing an improvementin respiratory patterns.Keywords: Mouth breathing children; Physiotherapy; Posturalevaluation; Treatment.

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Padrão respiratório e movimento toracoabdominal de crianças respiradoras orais

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Effects of Inspiratory Load on Chest Wall Kinematics, Breathing Pattern, and Respiratory Muscle Activity of Mouth-Breathing Children

Effects of Inspiratory Load on Chest Wall Kinematics, Breathing Pattern, and Respiratory Muscle Activity of Mouth-Breathing Children

Reference equations for tidal breathing parameters using structured light plethysmography

Benefits of physical therapy in the quality of life of mouth breathing children: Literature review

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