A influência postural do salto alto em mulheres adultas: análise por biofotogrametria computadorizada

Abstract

Introduction: In our society, it is observed an increasing number of models, colors, styles, heights and types of high heels. Objective: To evaluate whether the use of high heel shoes results in postural changes, based on a set of variables measured through computerized photogrammetry. Methods: Twenty individuals who often used high heels (group 1) and 20 individuals who only used high heels sporadically (group 2) were photographed in the frontal and sagittal planes at three conditions: a) without using footwear; b) using stiletto heels; and c) using high platform heels. These photographs were randomized and analyzed by a blinded examiner, by means of photogrammetry. Statistical analysis was performed, using a 2x3 factorial analysis of variance to compare the frequency of high heel use with the type of shoe, at the 5% significance level. Results: Only the head protrusion angle showed a difference between groups 1 and 2 (p<0.01). The effect of the type of shoe observed in the alignment of the right knee, which only showed a difference between stiletto heels and barefoot (p=0.03). For the tibiotarsal angle variable, the effect was also observed for all types of footwear. The other angles evaluated did not present any differences regarding the frequency of high heel use and the types of shoe. Conclusions: The frequency and type of high heel practically did not change the static posture evaluated by photogrammetry.

Postural Profile of Classical Ballerinas From the Vale Do São Francisco Region of Brazil

“…25 Pelvic position is the key determinant of lumbar sagittal balance, i.e., when pelvic anteversion occurs, the lumbar spine will be in a lordotic pattern. 22 This kinesiological relationship was observed in this study, because the average PB angle had a similar value and the LL angles had a greater value than those reported in the parametric study 17 (PB=12.6º and LL=57.6º, respectively). This misalignment probably derives from the postural adjustments necessary to perform a turnout, 11,12 as well as from the sustained contraction of the muscles posterior and lateral to the trunk, for example the latisssimus dorsi and quadratus lumborum, 23 that act bilaterally during the execution of jumps with hyperextension of the spine.…”

“…This pattern is justified by a reduction of the forefoot support base and the use of pointe shoes for more than six years, the main adjustment from which is being pelvic retroversion associated with a reduction of the angle of LL. 9,17 In this study, the anthropometric data and the time of practice apparently did not interfere with the postural pattern adopted by the sample, suggesting that the misalignments found resulted from compensatory adjustments made in executing specific ballet positions.…”

“…9 The evaluation of thoracic kyphosis obtained from the TK angle assumed that the greater the angle, the greater the rectification of the curvature. 17 The sample analyzed in this study had an average lower value than that described in the study used as a parameter (TK = 84.88°), allowing us to deduce that the ballerinas in this study had increased thoracic kyphosis. This pattern is mentioned in the literature as a physiological compensatory mechanism for cervicocephalic imbalances, since the tonic muscles of this region, of the spinal transverse for example, control the static acting bilaterally.…”

“…23 In this study, the measurement of angles in the sagittal plane followed the method proposed by a study that compared women who used high heels continuously (group G1) and sporadically (group G2). 17 The authors determined that the lower the value of the PH, the greater the protrusion of the head and the greater the value of the CL, the greater the cervical rectification. The study found average values equal to 53.11° and 32.45°, respectively, for the PH and CL angles measurements in group G1.…”

“…17 The anatomical markers, such as the occipital protuberance (OP), the tragus of the ear (TE), and the spinous process (SP) were used in measuring the angle of protrusion of the head (PH). The angle of cervical lordosis (CL) was confirmed using the OP and the spinous processes of C4 and C7.…”