Ankle movements during normal gait evaluated by flexible electrogoniometer

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate ankle movements of healthy individuals walking on a treadmill, by means of a flexible electrogoniometer. Method: Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion and eversion/inversion movements were recorded for 90 seconds at a velocity of 5.0 km/h. Ten healthy young men of mean age 21.4 ± 2.99 years and mean height 1.62 ± 0.22 meters took part in this study. The data were analyzed descriptively (mean, standard deviation, maximum and minimum). In the sagittal plane, the gait cycle was analyzed at three times, taking the movement peaks: foot flat (FF), midstance (M) and toe off (TO). The inversion and eversion angles corresponding to these phases were identified, as well as movement peaks during gait cycles. Inter and intra-subject coefficients of variability (CV) were calculated. Results: The mean values for the sagittal plane, for the left and right ankles were, respectively: 7º and 4º at FF, 2º and 7º at M, and 24º and 19º at TO. For the frontal plane, the results were inversion of 5º and 3º FF, 4º and 5º at M, and 15º and 16º at TO. The peak values were inversion of 17º and 18º and eversion of 1º. The maximum intrasubject CV was 0.39, and the maximum inter-subject CV was 0.44. Conclusion: The results obtained from the electrogoniometer were relatively similar to data reported in the literature for the sagittal plane, but not for the frontal plane. The discrepancies between studies measuring ankle movements suggest the need for standardization of the recording procedures.

Wrist electrogoniometry: are current mathematical correction procedures effective in reducing crosstalk in functional assessment?

“…It has the advantage of being light, portable, easy to operate, and relatively inexpensive [10][11][12][13] , and it can be applied in occupational 2 and clinical environments [14][15][16][17] . Other advantages are: the recording is not influenced by other devices or energy sources, large quantities of data can be recorded, and long duration recordings can be made 13,18 .…”

Biomechanic Analysis of Barefoot vs. Shod Running

“…Moriguchi et al calculated angles of 18.5º ± 5.42º for inversion and 1.2º ± 2.81º for eversion [4]. Keene states that the typical ranges for inversion are 0-35˚ and 0-15˚ for eversion [11].…”

“…In the frontal plane, maxima of -18.5º ± 5.42º for inversion and 1.2º ± 2.81º for eversion in the right foot were reported. For the left foot, maxima of -16.8º ± 3.62º for inversion and 0.7º ± 1.05º for eversion were reported [4].…”

A review of the physiological and psychological health and wellbeing of naval service personnel and the modalities used for monitoring

“…Laboratory settings are often highly accurate. In this setting, flexibility is measured using devices, such as electrogoniometers, flexometers, inclinometers and 3D systems for kinetic analysis, which directly measure a certain aspect of an individual’s flexibility [102–105]. However, these tests are complex, expensive and can be time consuming with larger groups.…”