On enteropneusta from Brazil

Abstract

IIEIGHT FREQUENCY OF TORXARIAE OF B. GLAVJGEIWS IN 'l'HE "KROIIN" STAGE 'l'hey show two frequency maximums, one at 0,75 and another at 0,95 mm. A number of these larvae examined when alive in the same stage, varied in length from 1,00 mm to 1,50 ml11 and are thus slightly smaller than the European tornaria of B. elavigerus) which are often 2 mm 01' a little more in length (Stiasny 1914, p. 259; Burdon-Jones• 1957, p. 4). 'l'able 2 shows the apical-anal measurements of the "Krohn" stage of tornaria nonlestina. Comparing t hese sizes with those of tornaria mourei at the same stage of development we find that tornaria nordestina is generally larger.

Development of the enteropneust Ptychodera flava: Ciliary bands and nervous system

“…Planktotrophic tornaria larvae are a characteristic element of tropical oceanic plankton (see, e.g., Stiasny-Wijnhoff and Stiasny, 1927;Stiasny, 1935;Björnberg, 1959), and the ciliary bands are the most characteristic features of the various stages, many of which have been given specific names (StiasnyWijnhoff and Stiasny, 1927;Hadfield, 1975). The development shows considerable variation, ranging from species with planktotrophic larvae with a highly complicated neotroch extending onto rows of tentacles (e.g., as described here), through planktotrophic larvae with a lobed neotroch but without tentacles (e.g., Balanoglossus biminensis; Lacalli and Gilmour, 2001), to species with lecithotrophic larvae whose only ciliary band is the opisthotroch (e.g., Saccoglossus horsti; Burdon-Jones, 1952).…”

“…the ptychoderids Ptychodera flava (Morgan, 1891(Morgan, , 1894Hadfield 1975;Strathmann and Bonar, 1976;Peterson et al, 1999), Balanoglossus clavigerus (Heider, 1909;Stiasny, 1913Stiasny, , 1914aBjörnberg, 1959), B. biminensis (Gilmour, 1982), and B. misakiensis (Urata and Yamaguchi, 2004). Ptychodera bahamensis has been reared from fertilization to the tornaria larva (Payne, 1936).…”