A urbanização da leishmaniose tegumentar americana no município de Campinas - São Paulo (SP) e região: magnitude do problema e desafios

Abstract

A urbanização da leishmaniose tegumentar americana no município de Campinas -São Paulo (SP) e região: magnitude do problema e desafios * Campinas -Sao Paulo (SP) Urbanization of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis inCONCLUSÕES -A leishmaniose tegumentar está distribuída amplamente na região (81% dos municípios estudados) e predominava na área urbana (57%). As dificuldades encontradas em seu controle foram a crescente adaptação do vetor ao peridomicílio, a multiplicidade dos fatores envolvidos na transmissão e a resposta insuficiente às medidas de controle atuais. O acompanhamento do ambiente e da doença, o diagnóstico e o tratamento precoces, a notificação compulsória e o seguimento dos casos, além de investimento em pesquisas, campanhas e ações diretas junto aos pacientes são importantes para o controle da doença. Palavras-chave: Epidemiologia; Leishmaniose mucocutânea; Psychodidae; Zoonoses Abstract: BACKGROUND -American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is ranked second among vector-transmitted zoonoses in Brazil. OBJECTIVES -This paper aims at verifying the distribution of this disease in Campinas-SP and surrounding region and to identify the main difficulties for preventive actions to this illness. METHODS -The Campinas area encloses 42 counties. Data from 1998 to 2004 were collected from the National System of Injuries and Notification in Campinas, from the Superintendence for the Control of Endemic Diseases and from the Center for Zoonoses. A literature review on the subject was performed. RESULTS -There were 458 reported endemic cases and most of them were found in the Campinas and Jundiaí metropolitan areas. ACL was predominant in urban areas (57%) and among males (62%

The effect of age on the frequency of adverse reactions caused by antimony in the treatment of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in Governador Valadares, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

“…This result was also found in other studies [11][12][13] . However, from 2001 to 2006, the number of reported cases in the City of Governador Valadares was similar for both genders, as 127 cases of ATL were male patients (52.7%) and 114 (47.3%) cases were female patients 14 .…”

“…A similar result was observed in the macroregion of Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil, where children and the elderly were infected, a probable result of vector adaptation to the peridomestic region, as these age groups often tend to stay in their homes or close to them 13 . For ATL treatment, the drug used was pentavalent antimony, which may cause significant adverse effects.…”

Tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole at clinical laboratory: can they help to characterize Staphylococcus aureus carrying different SCCmec types?

“…The municipality of Monte Negro is an historical area of transmission of ACL that accounted for a incidence of 59 cases/100,000 inhabitants in 2010. The nine humans cases followed up in this study was represented for mens between 15 and 50 years old, which is the most susceptible age group, reported by some authors [35][36][37] . The nature of the zoonotic transmission becomes evident when it is noticed that 80% of the patients were engaged in activities associated with the permanence in the forest (hunting, fishing, lumbering), although 20% had not such activities, suggesting peridomestic transmission.…”

Características Sociodemográficas De Pacientes Com Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana

“…Pode acometer o ser humano no momento em que este participa acidentalmente do ciclo silvestre de manutenção da doença, por meio de atividades que necessitem de sua entrada no ambiente de mata ou mesmo devido à existência de moradias localizadas perigosamente próximas à borda da floresta ou até mesmo no interior da mesma. Contudo, atualmente há cada vez mais evidências da transmissão peridomiciliar, por sugestiva adaptação do vetor ao redor das residências 1,2,3 , como consequência das modificações no meio ambiente pelo homem, levando à migração de algumas espécies de Leishmania e de seus vetores para as imediações dos domicílios, mesmo em áreas mais urbanizadas 4,5 .…”