INFECTIONS IN THE BITE SITE AFTER ENVENOMING BY SNAKES OF THE Bothrops GENUS

Wang

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

et al. 2012

Abstract:There are very few microbiological data on wound infections following snakebites. The objective of this study was to investigate the treatment of secondary infection following snakebites in central Taiwan. Microbiological data and antibiotic sensitivity of wound cultures were retrospectively analyzed from December 2005 to October 2007 in a medical center in central Taiwan. A total of 121 snakebite patients participated in the study. Forty-nine (40.5%) subjects were bitten by cobra (Naja atra); 34 of them had secondary infection, and 24 of them (70.6%) needed surgical intervention. Cobra bites caused more severe bacterial infection than other snakebites. Morganella morganii was the most common pathogen, followed by Aeromonas hydrophila and Enterococcus. Gram-negative bacteria were susceptible to amikacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, cefotaxime, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, and piperacillin/tazobactam. Enterococcus were susceptible to ampicillin, gentamicin, penicillin and vancomycin. It is reasonable to choose piperacillin/tazobactam, quinolone, second-or third-generation cephalosporin for empirical therapy following snakebite. Surgical intervention should be considered for invasive soft tissue infections.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wound infections secondary to snakebite in central Taiwan

Wang

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

et al. 2012

“…en dosis única del corticoide hidrocortisona fue un factor coadyuvante para la infección secundaria (21,22 El análisis que se realiza en este estudio sobre la relación que puede existir entre la distancia en la marca de los dos colmillos y la evolución clínica, puede convertir esta medida en un factor de pronóstico y de diagnóstico importante. Estudios posteriores podrán confirmar más exactamente esta hipótesis, ya que el escaso número de casos de este estudio no es concluyente.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Accidentes ofídicos en Yopal y Leticia, Colombia, 1996-1997

Pineda

Ghotme

Aldeco³

et al. 2002

biomedica

El accidente ofídico presenta un elevado impacto sobre la morbimortalidad en la Amazonia y la Orinoquia colombianas. En este estudio se revisaron prospectivamente los casos ocurridos en los hospitales de Leticia y Yopal durante el período comprendido entre septiembre de 1996 y junio de 1997. El 57% de los accidentes estudiados ocurrieron en Leticia. El 54% de los accidentes se presentaron en hombres y el grupo de edad más comprometido fue el de 15 a 44 años (41%). El 57% de los casos ocurrió a campo abierto y el pico de accidentalidad se presentó entre las 17 y las 18 horas. El 82% de las mordeduras fue en miembros inferiores. Se presentó un fallecimiento (1,8%) en Yopal y se practicaron 3 fasciotomías y 2 amputaciones; el 16% de los casos presentó infección secundaria. Las horas vespertinas presentan el mayor riesgo de accidente durante la jornada diaria. A pesar del uso generalizado de antibióticos, la infección secundaria fue frecuente en esta serie de casos.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

“…Bacterial infection secondary to snakebites is a common complication in envenomed victims [ 113 , 114 ]. The main source of bacteria is the oral cavity of snakes, but the microbiota in the different layers of the victim's skin or even microorganisms from victim's clothes could also contribute [ 115 , 116 ].…”

Section: Antivenom Activities Of Extracts Of Medicinal Plants Agaimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main source of bacteria is the oral cavity of snakes, but the microbiota in the different layers of the victim's skin or even microorganisms from victim's clothes could also contribute [ 115 , 116 ]. Abscess formation is a common complication found in patients bitten by Viperidae snakes, being a risk factor for amputation in these patients, and it may be associated with sepsis [ 113 , 114 , 117 ]. A large number of bacteria, including anaerobic species, aerobic gram-negative rods, and a small proportion of gram-positive cocci could be inoculated with snakebites and have been isolated from the abscesses of bitten patients [ 113 , 114 ].…”

Section: Antivenom Activities Of Extracts Of Medicinal Plants Agaimentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Local Tissue Damage Induced by Snake Venoms: An Overview from Traditional Use to Pharmacological Evidence

Félix-Silva

Silva-Júnior

Zucolotto

et al. 2017

Snakebites are a serious problem in public health due to their high morbimortality. Most of snake venoms produce intense local tissue damage, which could lead to temporary or permanent disability in victims. The available specific treatment is the antivenom serum therapy, whose effectiveness is reduced against these effects. Thus, the search for complementary alternatives for snakebite treatment is relevant. There are several reports of the popular use of medicinal plants against snakebites worldwide. In recent years, many studies have been published giving pharmacological evidence of benefits of several vegetal species against local effects induced by a broad range of snake venoms, including inhibitory potential against hyaluronidase, phospholipase, proteolytic, hemorrhagic, myotoxic, and edematogenic activities. In this context, this review aimed to provide an updated overview of medicinal plants used popularly as antiophidic agents and discuss the main species with pharmacological studies supporting the uses, with emphasis on plants inhibiting local effects of snake envenomation. The present review provides an updated scenario and insights into future research aiming at validation of medicinal plants as antiophidic agents and strengthens the potentiality of ethnopharmacology as a tool for design of potent inhibitors and/or development of herbal medicines against venom toxins, especially local tissue damage.