The categories of body and soul as inheritors of modern Cartesian dualism, but above all of Christian cosmology, are a crucial point of departure for the analysis of religiosity in Latin America. A strong presence in religious and secular traditions, where modern canonical dualism is a relative empirical fact, gives an account of effective processes of secularization and modernization in the region in which a relative specificity for the soul and another for the body are recognized. However, the articulation between body and soul in so-called "popular" subaltern religiosity and in the new spiritualities poses a challenge for the canonical versions, accounting for exceptional processes of religious modernization that show new and old modes of negotiation between the body and soul.