Utilization of orange bagasse and molokhia stalk for production of pectinase enzyme

Abstract

-Studies were conducted on the production and extraction of exo-polygalacturonase (PG) in solidstate fermentation (SSF) using orange bagasse (Ob) and molokhia stalks (Ms) as a new solid support by Penicillium pinophlilum Hedg 3503 NRRL. The parameters affecting PG production under SSF were optimized. The maximum PG activity of ~ 3270 U/ g dry solid substrate was obtained from P. pinophlilum Hedg 3503 NRRL grown for 7 days on Ob and Ms in the ratio 1:3 (w/w), moistened with distilled water at 68.2% initial moisture content. Highest enzyme titers occurred in SSF without added nutrients, indicating nutrient sufficiency of the Ob and MS mixture to sustain growth and a high level of pectic substances which induced PG production. The extraction of PG from the fermented biomass was optimized. Among the various solvents tested, the maximum level of enzyme activity was achieved when acetate buffer (0.05 M; pH 5.0) was used. The optimum volume of buffer was 50 mL, an extraction time of 60 min was sufficient to extract most enzyme, which yielded 3269.6 U/ g dry solid substrate of enzyme activity. Repeated washes under the optimum conditions showed that most of the enzyme (about 98%) was recovered in three repeated extractions. Moreover, 68.9% of total activity was achieved in the first wash.

Use of Agro-Industrial Wastes for the Production of a Wild Yeast Enzyme with Disintegration Activity on Plant Tissues

“…Pedrolli and Carmona (2008) observed A. giganteus produced significant pectin lyase activity in medium with orange waste contents, with peak production at 2% (wv-1) [54]. According to Ahmed and Mostafa (2013), orange bagasse constitutes an excellent inducer substrate for PGase production by P. pinophilum Hedg NRRL 3503, which represented 69.20% increase in enzyme production compared with control [6]. Ahmed and coauthors showed maximum enzyme activity under optimum orange peel concentration of 4% for pectinase production by A. niger [55].…”

“…The strain was cultivated in the RF medium, containing 4% (wv-1) of each agro-industrial waste, instead of commercial citrus pectin. The fermentations were carried out as mentioned above, and experiment runs in the original culture medium (RF) were considered as control [6,8,36].…”

“…Consequently, the accumulation of great quantities of organic residues represents a risk to health and environment [4]. The production of microbial enzymes by a biotechnological process, using agricultural wastes in the culture medium, represents a suitable alternative for re-valorization of such a type of residues, reducing environmental pollution and generating products with high-added value, resulting in economic and ecological advantages [5][6][7][8][9].…”

Solid-State Fermentation as a Novel Paradigm for Organic Waste Valorization: A Review

“…Dhillon et al [208] achieved higher citric acid extraction from the SSF process using response surface methodology involving process parameters such as extraction time, agitation rate, and solvent volume. Solid-liquid ratio, solvent or buffer type, pH, temperature, stirring rate, repeated extraction, and extraction time are process parameters that also have been studied to optimize the extraction of products from SSF [209][210][211][212][213][214]. However, in these studies usually a small amount of solid substrate ranging from 1-20 g in a shake flask was used for the extraction, and only some of them reported the extraction using the whole substrate fermented (in kg) with the aim of knowing the total recovery of the product [20].…”

Screening of Yeast Strains for Pectinolytic Activity: Effects of Different Carbon and Nitrogen Sources in Submerged Fermentations

“…Pectinase production used in industry has been reported from microorganisms including bacteria (Swain and Ray, 2010;Roosdiana et al, 2013), actinomycetes (Kuhad et al, 2004;Jacob and Prema, 2006), filamentous fungi in particular of the Aspergillus niger (Solis-Pereira et al, 1993), Penicillium pinophlilum (Ahmed and Mostafa, 2013), Penicillium viridicatum (Silva et al, 2002), Mucor circinelloides (Thakur et al, 2010) and some yeast (da Silva et al, 2005;Oliveira et al, 2006;Serrat et al, 2011;Taskin, 2013). Aspergillus niger is known worldwide for production of secondary metabolites and extracellular enzymes of commercial value, including industrial production of pectinases Yeasts have advantages compared to filamentous fungi with regard to the production of pectinases, because they are unicellular, the growth is relatively simple and the growth medium does not require an inducer.…”