Temperature and reaction time effects on the structural properties of titanium dioxide nanopowders obtained via the hydrothermal method

Abstract

-An investigation was carried out on the synthesis of titanium dioxide nanopowders via the hydrothermal method, examining the influence of temperature (150ºC and 200ºC) and reaction time (6 to 36 h). The resulting powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared absorption spectrophotometry, transmission electron micrographs and surface area. The X-ray diffraction revealed that there was formation of a pure crystalline phase, consisting only of anatase for all conditions of synthesis. Both temperature and reaction time proved to have a slight influence on the crystallite size (from 9 to 17 nm) and a significant influence on the surface area (from 86 to 168 m 2 .g -1 ).

Evaluation of the antifouling and photocatalytic properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) plasma-grafted poly(acrylic acid) membrane with self-assembled TiO2

“…The area probably contained overlapping peaks due to various Ti O vibration modes. Even though individual peaks were indistinguishable, the appearance of the spectra was analogous to those reported in literature that attributed broad and intensified absorption at low frequency (500-1000 cm −1 ) to the Ti O bonds of pure TiO 2 [31][32][33] or polymer/TiO 2 composites [14]. Moreover, the intensity of the broad OH peak on the left of 3000 cm −1 increased because of the Ti OH interactions.…”

Fouling prevention in the membrane distillation of phenolic-rich solution using superhydrophobic PVDF membrane incorporated with TiO2 nanoparticles

“…The vibrations of TiAO bonds of TiO n compounds with n < 6 usually appear in the ranges of 770 cm À1 to 800 cm À1 . At 800 cm À1 , the vibration belongs to the TiAO bonds of the crystalline anatase phase [31]. The PVDF membrane with TiO 2 deposition also showed the similar vibration in the FT-IR spectrum [32].…”

Photocatalytic Degradation of Diazinon Using Titanium Oxide Synthesized by Alkaline Solvent

“…A hydrothermal modification that has been done before that when mixing the precursor into the solvent. For example by sonication [18] and stirring [19] which required the shortest time each is 6 and 3 h. Therefore stirring simpler than sonication. At stirring begin can modify with increase temperature for shortening time like by increase temperature until 70 °C require time 1 h [20].…”

“…However, titanium salt precursor tends to form anatase TiO2 nanoparticles exclusively [22]. Other factors than precursor type that can influence crystal quality, are hydrothermal conditions which include reactants type and concentration [16,[23][24], reaction duration and hydrothermal temperature [18,23]. The Strong acid generated the best crystal size when acid was used as a reactant for the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles [16].…”