Production and characterization of granular activated carbon from activated sludge

Al-Qodah, Zakaria; Shawabkah, R.

doi:10.1590/s0104-66322009000100012

Cited by 192 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Phosphoric acid compared to zinc chloride is the most preferred because of the environmental disadvantages like the problem of corrosion and inefficient chemical recovery associated with zinc chloride. In addition, the activated carbons developed by using zinc chloride as an activating agent though as higher specific area than those obtained from phosphoric acid cannot be used in pharmaceutical and food industries as they may contaminate the product [39]. Phosphoric acid allows the developing of both micropores and mesopores of the resulting activated carbon [18; 21].…”

Section: Steps Involved In Development Of Activated Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Promising Precursors for Development of Activated Carbon: Agricultural Waste Materials- A Review

2018

IJASRE

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Section: Steps Involved In Development Of Activated Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Promising Precursors for Development of Activated Carbon: Agricultural Waste Materials- A Review

2018

IJASRE

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“…Activated carbons are carbonaceous materials characterized by their extraordinary large specific surface areas and well-developed porosity [10]. However, the commercial activated carbons are quite costly to purchase as they use high cost precursors such as petroleum residue, wood, coal, peat, and lignite that are non-renewable [11].…”

Section: -2506mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Date Seed Activation for Surfactant Recovery

Jamion¹,

Haziqah²,

Huda³

et al. 2017

MJAS

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Surfactants also known as surface-active agents are one of the water pollutants that can lead to the deterioration of the environment. In this study, activated carbon was prepared from date seeds (DAC) by using phosphoric acid as an activating agent. The activation process was carried out at 500 °C for two hours. DAC was characterized by Fourier-Transformed Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Nitrogen Adsorption at 77 K. The BET surface area of DAC was 1187 m 2 /g. The adsorption capacities of surfactants (CTAB and TX-100) were determined. This study showed that the adsorption capacity of CTAB (23.0724 mg/g) onto DAC was greater than TX-100 (11.3868 mg/g). The adsorption process between both surfactants onto DAC was done by physisorption through electrostatic forces. Thus, this study showed that the date seeds have a greater tendency to be microporous activated carbon and an adsorbent for surfactants recovery.Keywords: activated carbon, phosphoric acid, date seed Abstrak Bahan aktif permukaan juga dikenali sebagai surfaktan adalah salah satu bahan pencemar air yang boleh membawa kepada kemerosotan alam sekitar. Dalam kajian ini, karbon teraktif telah disediakan daripada biji kurma (DAC) dengan menggunakan asid fosforik sebagai ejen pengaktifan. Proses pengaktifan telah dilakukan pada suhu 500 °C selama dua jam. Karbon teraktif (DAC) telah dicirikan oleh Spektroskopi Inframerah Transformasi Fourier (FTIR), Mikroskopi Medan Pancaran Imbasan Elektron (FESEM), Sebaran Tenaga Sinar-X (EDX) dan penjerapan gas nitrogen pada suhu 77 K. Luas permukaan BET kawasan DAC adalah 1187 m 2 /g. Kapasiti penjerapan surfaktan (CTAB dan TX-100) telah dikaji. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa kapasiti penjerapan CTAB (23.0724 mg/g) pada DAC adalah lebih tinggi daripada TX-100 (11.3868 mg/g). Proses penjerapan antara bagi kedua-dua surfaktan DAC adalah secara penjerapan fizikal melalui daya elektrostatik. Oleh itu, kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa biji kurma mempunyai kecenderungan yang lebih besar sebagai karbon teraktif berliang mikro dan bahan penjerap yang baik untuk pemulihan surfaktan.

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“…The graphite form was observed at 2θ = 26.66 (Mopoung et. al., 2008;Qodah et. al., 2009) with relative intensity of 100%.…”

Section: Ft-ir Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active carbon prepared from vegetable wastes for the treatment of Pb(II) in aqueous medium

Deb¹,

Miran²,

Mollah³

2013

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.

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Activated carbon was prepared from vegetable wastes collected from the residential halls of University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The carbon, produced by pyrolysis of vegetable wastes at 400 o C to 600 o C for 30 min under N 2 atmosphere, was chemically activated with zinc chloride. The activated carbon samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Topographical and morphological characteristics were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The surface area of the activated charcoal was determined by adsorption of Methylene Blue from alcoholic solution and was found to be 53 m 2 g -1 . The zero point charge (pH zpc ) was also determined by pH titration means and obtained to be 6.10±0.1 at ambient temperature. Analyses of these experimental data lead us to conclude that the activated carbon prepared from vegetable wastes materials is a high grade active carbon in comparison with commercially available one. Activity of generated active carbon as an adsorbent was tested through adsorption of Pb(II). The results indicate that adsorption of Pb(II) on active charcoal was very fast and it followed Langmuir type of adsorption isotherm, and the dimensionless separation parameter, R L , was found to be 0

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Production and characterization of granular activated carbon from activated sludge

Cited by 192 publications

References 31 publications

The Promising Precursors for Development of Activated Carbon: Agricultural Waste Materials- A Review

The Promising Precursors for Development of Activated Carbon: Agricultural Waste Materials- A Review

Preparation of Date Seed Activation for Surfactant Recovery

Active carbon prepared from vegetable wastes for the treatment of Pb(II) in aqueous medium

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