Hiperbólicos italianos: as viagens dos integrantes da Escola Positiva de Antropologia da Itália pela América meridional, 1907-1910

Abstract

Resumo Com base em pesquisa realizada na Itália, no Brasil, na Argentina e nos EUA, proponho reconstruir, ainda de forma preliminar, o momento, o clima político e o debate suscitado na Argentina e no Brasil pela visita de Guglielmo Ferrero e sua esposa, Gina Lombroso Ferrero, em 1907, e as duas viagens do jurista e sociólogo da criminalidade Enrico Ferri em 1908 e 1910. Esses três intelectuais italianos associados à Escola Positiva de Criminologia de Turim, liderada pelo médico e antropólogo físico Cesare Lombroso, visitam o Brasil, a Argentina, o Uruguai e o Chile, a convite, entre outros, da Academia Brasileira de Letras e do periódico argentino La Nación.

Italy to Argentina

“…Unfortunately, the native population neglected "industries, contenting themselves with accumulating the riches that come from the natural gifts of that country with little effort." 40 The air quality was excellent and the soil extremely fertile, creating a healthy environment for both humans and animals. In fact, the wools from Uruguay were among the most valuable on the global market.…”

Field Station Bahia

“…In the US, Rüdiger Bilden (1929) was the first great propagator of the notion of Brazil's exceptional racial status and its relative cordiality (Pallares-Burke 2005, 2012Borges 1995). Such a notion, of course, had existed before, and it was the core of Gina Lombroso's report on Brazil in 1908 (Sansone 2020 and. But it was formulated for the social sciences only later on, with Bilden and, a few years later, Freyre, who was a friend of Bilden.…”

“…It is, however, not only a question of number but also of style. In my writings on the Italian criminologist Cesare Lombroso's cabinet of curiosities and the making of ethnography in Latin America in the years 1890-1910, I speak of home (or family) science (Sansone 2020(Sansone , 2022. Even though the US in the 1930s and 1940s showed a much higher degree of institutionalization of the social sciences than Brazil in the same decades, and Italy around 1900, in many ways one could use the term family science to classify Melville and Frances Herskovits' practice of anthropology: a specific and entirely personalized way of managing the paradigm centred on the notion of Africanisms or African survivals and their intellectual configuration (Yelvington 2011).…”

Women defining their own Subjectivity at the Beginning of the 20th Century. The Voices of Maria Lacerda de Moura and Gina Lombroso.

“…En la historia de la ciencia, se ha escrito mucho sobre el tema femenino/de la mujer desde el punto de vista de los discursos médicos en el periodo abordado por este estudio, pero mucho menos trabajada ha estado la voz femenina tratando estos mismos temas. De los que sí lo han hecho, los estudios que tratan de Lombroso orbitan en torno de los temas que desarrolló junto a su padre (Peset, 2001), o sobre la difusión de las ideas Lombrosianas (Sansone 2020;Zuntini, 2013). Otros estudios sobre Lombroso tienen un carácter más bien biográfico (Colaci, 2019, Simone, 2020 y Hernández-González (2018) trata de la recepción del libro El alma de la mujer en la prensa liberal.…”

“…Un ejemplo de esta compleja red, en la América del Sur, es el jurista y anarquista italiano radicado en Buenos Aires, Pietro Gori, que tenía clara afinidad a la Escuela Lombrosiana(Caimari, 2009).10 En 1908 y 1910 Enrico Ferri también hizo viajes para hacer conferencias en Argentina, Brasil, Uruguay y Chile(Sansone, 2020).…”