The search for equality: representations of the smoking act among adolescent women

Martinez, Juliana; Ribeiro, Cléa Regina de Oliveira

doi:10.1590/s0104-11692008000700022

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In available scientific literature, we found psychological and social case studies in adolescents and young adults which also confirm that health was a primary factor for making the decision to smoke or not (16,17,30).…”

Section: Tab 4 Which People Usually Smoke -Frequencies Of Children'supporting

confidence: 62%

Why to Smoke? Why not to Smoke? Major Reasons for Children's Decisions on Whether or not to Smoke

Hrubá¹,

Žaloudíková²

2010

Cent Eur J Public Health

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This study, aimed at the primary prevention of smoking behaviour in children and adolescents, attempts to find the main factors that distinguish smokers and non-smokers in the period of their first experimentation with cigarettes. There are only a few studies dealing with investigations into current motivations of teenagers as to whether or not to smoke. The programme entitled "Normal is not to smoke", using evaluation questionnaires given to children in the 3rd and 5th classes, also contains-among many other things-specifics on reasons children have for making the decision whether to become a smoker or non-smoker. The results are reported in this paper. Methodology: Responses concerning potential inclination to smoking that were collected from children on the basis of questionnaires were categorized into the following groups: image, the influence of a role model, the effects of smoking, curiosity. Reasons for non-smoking were categorized into the following groups: health, aesthetic, economic, restrictive, other aspects. Children were also asked to describe smokers by using three pairs of opposite characteristics: education, success, wealth. The frequencies of answers were analysed for the whole set, for boys and girls and for children with different smoking behaviour; the differences were evaluated using the statistical programme EPI INFO, version 6. Results: A total of 1153 children in the 3rd class and 799 children in the 5th class completed the questionnaire. Motivations for smoking were given by nearly 17% of children in the 3rd class and by nearly 27% of the same cohort in the 5th class. Aspects such as image (41.9% vs. 46.2%) were mentioned most frequently, by boys more frequently than by girls (OR 1.77; 95% CI 0.93-3.36; p=0.06), by children from smokers' families more frequently than by children from non-smokers' families (OR 1.33; 95% CI 0.69-2.57; p=0.3) and more frequently by children with repeated attempts to smoke (OR 3.93; 95% CI 2.32-6.65) or children who had only had a single smoking attempt (OR 3.18; 95% CI 1.52-6.75). Also the role of models (parents, relatives, friends) was often mentioned (12.9% in the 3rd class and 10.2% in the 5th class). Potential beneficial effects of smoking were expressed by 13% of children in the 3rd class and by 55% of children in the 5th class (p<0.0001). About 40 % of children considered smoking as effective coping with stress and about 20% of them declared smoking for mood improvement. Beneficial effects of smoking significantly more often described children with repeated smoking attempts (OR 2.91; 95% CI 1.73-4.89; p<0.001). Children often linked smoking to the less educated and less successful social groups but also to the rich. In both investigations, health aspects were the most common reasons for choosing not to smoke (69.2% vs. 73.3%), being more frequently presented by girls and non-smokers. A significant shift in the negative aesthetic perception of smoking (14.1% in the 3rd class vs. 40.2% in the 5th class) and economic disadvantages of smoking (3.9% vs. 2...

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Section: Tab 4 Which People Usually Smoke -Frequencies Of Children'supporting

confidence: 62%

Why to Smoke? Why not to Smoke? Major Reasons for Children's Decisions on Whether or not to Smoke

Hrubá¹,

Žaloudíková²

2010

Cent Eur J Public Health

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“…This theme focuses on the higher level determinants which set the wider context and interact with the lower level determinants discussed in the subsequent four themes to affect smoking behaviour. Nineteen studies published before the introduction of comprehensive tobacco legislation contributed to this theme (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43). The main ndings within this theme centred around culture and socioeconomic status.…”

Section: [Insert Figure 3 Here]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study highlighted that smoking awkwardly or symbolic smoking through techniques such as pretending to inhale could actually do more harm than good to an individual's social status (30). Others reported that smoking was simply an activity that they engage in, not something that was perceived as key to identity (37).…”

Section: Identity Construction and Performance: Before The Introducti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of friendship, peers and influence on smoking according to socioeconomic status and tobacco control context: A systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative research

Littlecott

Moore

Evans

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background The relationship between smoking and interpersonal influences has been well established within the literature. There has been a cultural shift in denormalisation and a reduction in tobacco smoking. Despite this, socioeconomic inequality in smoking has prevailed. This highlights the pressing need to understand health inequalities in relation to adolescents’ smoking attitudes across smoking normalisation and socioeconomic contexts. Methods The search was conducted in July 2019 and updated in March 2022 within 11 databases and secondary sources. Search terms included schools, adolescents, smoking, peers, social norms and qualitative research. Screening was conducted by two researchers independently and in duplicate. Study quality was assessed using the eight-item Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-centre) tool for the appraisal of qualitative studies. Results were synthesised using a meta-narrative lens for meta-ethnography and compared across smoking normalisation contexts. Results Forty one studies were included and five themes were developed, mapping onto the socio ecological model. The social processes by which adolescents take up smoking differed according to a mixture of school type, peer group structure, socioeconomic composition and the smoking culture within the school, as well as the wider cultural context. Data available from smoking denormalised contexts, described changes in social interactions around smoking to cope with its stigmatisation. This was manifested through direct peer influence, whereby more subtle techniques were employed, group belonging whereby smoking was less likely to be seen as a key determinant of group membership and smoking was less commonly reported to be used as a social tool, and popularity and identity construction, whereby smoking was perceived more negatively in a post-legislative context. Conclusions This meta-ethnography is the first study to demonstrate, drawing on international data, that peer processes relating to socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent smoking may undergo changes as norms for smoking within society change. Future research should focus on understanding how differences across school-level socioeconomic contexts manifest once post-legislative norms have been established, to inform the adaptation of interventions.

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What prevents young adolescents from smoking? Self-reported motives of 12–15-year-old non-smokers

et al. 2010

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The search for equality: representations of the smoking act among adolescent women

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Why to Smoke? Why not to Smoke? Major Reasons for Children's Decisions on Whether or not to Smoke

Why to Smoke? Why not to Smoke? Major Reasons for Children's Decisions on Whether or not to Smoke

Perceptions of friendship, peers and influence on smoking according to socioeconomic status and tobacco control context: A systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative research

What prevents young adolescents from smoking? Self-reported motives of 12–15-year-old non-smokers

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