Inovação, cooperação e aprendizado no setor de software no Brasil: análise exploratória baseada no conceito de Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs)

Abstract

ResumoO artigo procura articular a discussão sobre o processo de construção de competências na produção de software no Brasil à distribuição espacial dessas atividades, utilizando para isso um referencial analítico baseado no conceito de "arranjos produtivos locais" (APLs), no qual ressalta-se a importância da dimensão local-institucional para o aprofundamento de diferentes formas de aprendizado e para o reforço do potencial inovativo e da competitividade industrial. A análise realizada desdobra-se em cinco seções. A primeira seção apresenta uma caracterização geral do setor e do referencial analítico utilizado. A segunda seção apresenta um panorama sintético da evolução do setor de software no Brasil no período recente. A terceira seção procura discutir aspectos relacionados à distribuição espacial da indústria, com base em informações secundárias. A quarta seção desenvolve uma análise exploratória sobre a heterogeneidade espacial da indústria, utilizando informações primárias sobre arranjos produtivos dedicados à produção de software, as quais são trabalhadas através de técnicas de estatística multivariada, visando identificar diferentes padrões relativos a processos de aprendizado e inovação existentes nesses arranjos. Uma última seção sintetiza as principais conclusões do trabalho.Palavras-chave: Indústria de software; Inovação e cooperação; Clusters industriais -Software; Arranjos produtivos locais; Análise cross-sector. Abstract

The role of the marketing strategy process in the innovativeness-performance relationship of SMEs

“…Innovations may enable SME growth in the software sector, but it does not necessary mean that it increases profit (Hakala, 2013). Therefore, this result suggests that performance expectation based on creativity and innovation, which are both important characteristics of this sector and are also the consequence of innovativeness (Hakala, 2013; Britto and Stallivieri, 2010), is not enough to ensure a better overall performance.…”

“…First, the software sector enjoys a strong industry growth rate, increasing investments in research and development activities and has seen a rise in the number of innovative companies in the last decade (Associação Brasileira das Empresas de Software, 2014; Arora and Gambardella, 2005). The Brazilian software sector has also had better innovative performance compared with other economic activities in the country (Britto and Stallivieri, 2010). Overall, the software sector is known for its dynamic and uncertain behavior as well as numerous cross-border strategic technology collaborations between firms (Hakala, 2013; Lew and Sinkovics, 2013).…”

“…The result of these strategies, in turn, can be more assertive in terms of generating better performance. With a domestic market orientation (Arora and Gambardella, 2005) and difficulties in implementing more effective strategies to internationalize their activities (Britto and Stallivieri, 2010), the performance expectations of SMEs may be based on creativity and innovation, which are not enough to support better overall performance. As noted by Hakala (2013, p. 113), “while more innovations may enable growth, they may not all become profitable.” Thus, emphasizing the marketing strategy process as an important mechanism in the innovativeness-performance relationship becomes central to building profitable growth.…”

“…Specifically, this study focuses on SMEs in the software sector. In general, these firms are dynamic, flexible and creative (Hakala, 2013; Britto and Stallivieri, 2010). These characteristics are important drivers when it comes to understanding the behavior of SMEs in terms of their strategies and performance.…”

Marketing Strategy Process: analyzing the sequential relationships among its strategic activities

“…The final sample consists of 105 marketing decision makers of the ICT sector. In Brazil, the software and services sectors together showed strong market growth (~ 10.1%), above most sectors of the Brazilian economy, even the GDP, which was close to 2.3% in the period (Brazilian Association of Software Companies, 2014), and have the best innovative performance in the country when compared to other economic activities (Britto & Stallivieri, 2010), which indicates the probability of investments in innovative performance and marketing strategies.…”