Nanodiamonds (ND) are emerging as a promising candidate for the multimodal bioimaging due to their optical and spectroscopic properties. Fluorescence properties of ND are determined by defects and admixtures in the crystal lattice. The most developed bioapplications of the ND fluorescence are using nitrogen-vacancy centers. However they emit fluorescence in the visible region which overlaps with the autofluorescence from biological objects.The aim of the study was to analyze the fluorescence of nickel-related color center in nanodiamond with emission in the near-infrared range (883-885 nm) in terms of its applications for bioimaging using one-photon and two-photon excitations.Materials and Methods. Synthetic diamond powders (Kay Diamond, USA) of sizes in the range from 100 nm to 2.5 μm were carboxylated and characterized with Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy at one-photon and two-photon excitation. Baby hamster kidney cells were treated with 500 nm ND for 8 h and subjected to microscopic investigations using laser confocal fluorescence scanning microscopy and photoluminescence mapping.Results. The effects of the particles size, temperature and excitation conditions on the fluorescence of Ni-related center are studied. Variability of the emission with sizes (as well as with excitation wavelength and temperature) gives the possibility to select the most suitable nano-or microparticles to use as a fluorescent probe. The two-photon excitation of Ni centers in nano-and microdiamond are demonstrated. The possibility to use Ni color center for bioimaging is presented using confocal fluorescence imaging and fluorescence mapping of distribution of 500 nm ND in baby hamster kidney cells. The emission of Ni-related center (885 nm) showing no photobleaching and no damage to the baby hamster kidney cells and the location of ND is clearly observed relatively the cells.Conclusion. Fluorescence from Ni-related color center at one-photon and two-photon excitation can be an option in biological imaging to avoid cell autofluorescence and to shift the excitation to lower energy laser excitation which is safer and transparent for biological objects.Key words: nanodiamond; Ni-related defects; near-infrared emission; color center; fluorescence; bioimaging. Corresponding author: Chia-Liang Cheng, e-mail: clcheng@gms.ndhu.edu.tw
RussianФлюоресценция наноалмазов в ближнем инфракрасном диапазоне.
Использование для мультимодального биоимиджингаОптические и спектральные свойства наноалмазов в настоящее время рассматриваются с точки зрения применения в биоме-дицинских исследованиях, в частности как флюоресцентные метки для биоимиджинга. Флюоресценция наноалмазов определяется в первую очередь дефектами и примесями в кристаллической решетке. Наиболее хорошо изученными и используемыми флюорес-центыми центрами в наноалмазах являются азотные вакансии. Однако они излучают в видимой области спектра и их излучение перекрывается с автофлюоресценцией большинства биологических объектов.Цель исследования -изучение флюоресценции никелевого центра...