Towards new states of matter

Abstract

A linear realization of flavor SU(3) × SU(3) symmetry is developped with scalar and pseudoscalar mesons coupled to baryons and massive vector fields. This system may be also coupled to colored quarks and gluons, which are expected to be deconfined above a critical range of energy densities and seemingly inside baryons. The coupling to vector fields may lead to finite density baryonic and also anti-baryonic matter. Prescriptions for the stability equation which yields bound systems is verified. A qualitative discussion of the possible resulting (QCD -type) phase diagram is discussed including the possibility of finding several kinds of superfluid (and eventually superconductive) states. Some bosonic fields are assumed to have non zero expected values, at least at low energies, corresponding to dynamical symmetry breakings. A generalized symmetry radius is found and the masses of the particles are found to vary with density. Possible relevance to relativistic heavy ion collision is pointed out. Introduction and SU (3) Linear Sigma ModelThe fundamental theory for strong interacting systems is quantum chromodynamics (QCD), which is expected to lead to the description of nuclear interacting systems. It exhibits the phenomenum of color confinement, containing a non abelian color structure, and a flavor-chiral structure (in particular for lightest hadrons) which remains at the hadronic level. However it seems to be fair to ask the following questions: is QCD a theory for one interaction? or: does it provide an unifying picture of two fundamental interactions (of flavor and color)? For the light hadronic particles, chiral symmetry (SU (2) × SU (2)) yields a convenient framework for classifying the hadrons and describing low energy processes. Chiral symmetry is expected to be spontaneously broken down to isospin in the Nambu realization. It yields an intrincated vacuum with a scalar (quark-anti-quark) condensate [1]. It has been difficult to describe nuclear interactions departing from such picture with many attempts which have hardly achived small part of this [2]. Furthermore and as a consequence the phase diagram of matter is not completely known.In a series of papers I am proposing an unifying frame for the development of strong interacting physics at finite baryonic (and eventually quark) densities. This is built over properties of hadrons expected to have grounds on QCD.In this work, which is nearly a resumé of part of them, it is discussed the spontaneous breakdown of flavor and chiral symmetries, and speculations on existence of anti-matter bound states. For this the SU (3) × SU (3) symmetry is considered in an effective linear sigma model with baryons, (pseudo+)scalar mesons, vector mesons and fields, which can be coupled to deconfing quarks and gluons at high energy densities, above asymptotic freedom scales. Properties of the hadrons at finite hadronic densities are described by "condensates" of bosonic fields. Phase diagram of strong interactions would include several superfluid/superconductive states. It may...

Effect of a logarithmic mesonic potential on nucleon properties in the coherent-pair approximation

“…Some modifications have been recently introduced as in Refs. [2,6]. In the recently introduced model, Braghin and Cavalcante [2] investigated the effect of coupling a classical scalar-isoscalar field to the usual Skyrmion model as a degree of freedom whose corresponding quantum would be the chiral partner of the pion.…”