Deuterium plasma focus measurements using solid state nuclear track detectors

Springham, S. V.; Lee, S.; Moo, S.P.

doi:10.1590/s0103-97332002000100029

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The NX2 device used for these experiments is a Mathertype plasmas focus [16]. Energy storage is provided by a 27.0 lF capacitor bank (45 9 0.6 lF) coupled to the PF electrodes through four pseudo-spark switches.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Source brightness is the key determining factor for pinhole size: the brighter the source, the smaller is the pinhole that can be used. For example, for the very large PF device, POSEIDON, with a high proton yield (several 10 10 per shot), good precision proton pinhole images [8] were obtained with a pinhole covering a solid angle of 1.46 9 10 -4 sr. For a proton imaging experiment on a medium energy PF device (proton yield *10 8 per shot) with a similar pinhole solid angle of 1.76 9 10 -4 sr, it was necessary to integrate exposures over several PF shots to obtain images of only moderate quality [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging of Plasma Focus Fusion by Proton Coded Aperture Technique

et al. 2011

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The coded aperture imaging (CAI) technique has been applied to investigate the spatial distribution of DD fusion in a deuterium filled 1.6 kJ plasma focus (PF) device operated in its neutron-optimized regime. The coded mask has been fabricated in Havar alloy with 20 9 20 pixels and 57 square holes (14% open area) using a Singer-set Cyclic Difference pattern. Five CAI cameras were employed simultaneously: one placed on-axis (0°) and four at 45°to the PF axis. CR-39 polymer nuclear track detectors were used to register proton tracks from D(d,p)T reactions. The detectors were covered by 75 lm Kapton film to stop all energetic charged particles (mostly deuterons) other than the 3 MeV fusion protons. A de-convolution algorithm was applied to the measured proton track coordinates to obtain images of the fusion source from the five directions. Typically (2-8) 9 10 4 proton tracks were registered by each detector per shot. Also two beryllium fast-neutron detectors were employed simultaneously to measure the associated neutron yield and anisotropy. The CAI images show the fusion source is a cigar-shaped region around the pinch column with no indication of plasma column instabilities. The proton anisotropy is comparable to the measured neutron anisotropy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of Plasma Focus Fusion by Proton Coded Aperture Technique

et al. 2011

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“…After etching, the detectors were scanned using an automated system [7] comprising an optical microscope with CCD camera; motorized x-y stage and (z) focus adjust: interfaced to PC computer running image processing software. After etching, the detectors were scanned using an automated system [7] comprising an optical microscope with CCD camera; motorized x-y stage and (z) focus adjust: interfaced to PC computer running image processing software.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of Fusion Protons from a 3He-D2 Plasma Focus using Nuclear Track Detectors

Springham¹,

Sim²,

Lee³

et al. 2006

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Coded aperture imaging of fusion source in a plasma focus operated with pure D2 and a D2-Kr gas admixture Time-integrated measurements of fusion-produced protons emitted from PF-facilities AIP Conf. Proc. 812, 237 (2006); 10.1063/1.2168831 A_ measurement of S_pin-T_R_ansfer coefficients I_n the fusion reaction D_(d⃗, p⃗)3H (ASTRID) at 55 keV AIP Conf.Abstract. Protons from the fusion reactions D( 3 He,p) 4 He and D(d,p) 3 H have been observed in a small plasma focus device operated with a 3 He-D 2 gas mixture. The partial pressures of the 3 He and D 2 gasses were in the ratio of 2:1, corresponding to an atomic number ratio of 1:1. Two groups of protons with energies of approximately 16MeV and 3MeV arising from the D( 3 He,p) 4 He and D(d,p) 3 H reactions, were recorded simultaneously using a double-layer arrangement of CR-39 polymer nuclear track detectors (each of thickness 1000μm). As a result of the very different ranges of 16MeV and 3MeV protons, and the particle registration properties of CR-39, the D(d,p) 3 H protons were registered on the front-most CR-39 surface and the D( 3 He,p) 4 He protons were registered on the back-most surface of this double-layer configuration. A pinhole camera, containing the CR-39 detectors, was situated on the forward plasma focus axis in order to image the emission zones of protons for both fusion reactions. It was found that the D( 3 He,p) 4 He and D(d,p) 3 H proton yields were of similar magnitude, but their spatial distributions were very different. Results indicate that the D( 3 He,p) 4 He fusion was concentrated close to the plasma focus pinch column, while the D(d,p) 3 H fusion occurred at some distance from the pinch. Moreover, it appears that both the D( 3 He,p) 4 He and D(d,p) 3 H fusion yields are produced by beam-target mechanisms, with no significant thermonuclear contribution. To better understand the shape of the D(d,p) 3 H distribution, comparative experiments were performed with both a 4 He-D 2 gas mixture and pure D 2 gas. The D(d,p) 3 H distributions obtained for the 3 He-D 2 and 4 He-D 2 cases were found to be very similar, but markedly different from that obtained with pure D 2 gas. Possible explanations of these measured distributions are discussed.

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“…A reasonable choice of deuteron energy and cone of half angle would be 50 keV and 30 • . The results indicated that the beamtarget mechanism, in which high-energy deuterons emitted in a forwardly directed cone from the pinch interact with the cold deuterium gas, produces 90%-96% of the total fusion yield [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation Analysis of Intense and High-Energy Deuteron Beam, Pinch Images, and Neutron Yield

Roshan

Lee

Pan

et al. 2010

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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The time-integrated imaging of pinched plasma column in the NX2 plasma focus device is performed using a generalpurpose digital SLR camera with neutral density filters (ND 0.9). Although it is very simple, some useful information is obtained from the pinch phase of plasma focus device, and the images are compared with the neutron yield, electron, and ion beams produced in the compressed plasma column. The correlation between the pinch images, the range of deuteron energies, and the optimum neutron condition shows two regimes of plasma focus performance: high-pressure regime for maximum neutron yield production and low-pressure regime for high-energy ion (and electron) beam production.Index Terms-High-energy deuteron beams, neutron yield, pinch imaging.

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Deuterium plasma focus measurements using solid state nuclear track detectors

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

Imaging of Plasma Focus Fusion by Proton Coded Aperture Technique

Imaging of Plasma Focus Fusion by Proton Coded Aperture Technique

Studies of Fusion Protons from a 3He-D2 Plasma Focus using Nuclear Track Detectors

Correlation Analysis of Intense and High-Energy Deuteron Beam, Pinch Images, and Neutron Yield

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