Compatibility of conventional agrochemicals used in rice crops with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae

Silva, Rodrigo Alves da; Quintela, E. D.; Mascarin, Gabriel Moura; Barrigossi, J. A. F.; Lião, Luciano M.

doi:10.1590/s0103-90162013000300003

Cited by 48 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…For the compatibility assessments of each copper fungicide with B. bassiana , the Biological Index (BI) was calculated. This index classifies chemical compounds according to their toxic effects on fungi cultured in vitro on a solid‐poisoned medium (Silva, Quintela, Mascarin, Barrigossi, & Lião, ). The BIs were calculated using the B. bassiana colony mean vegetative growth (VG), sporulation (SP) and conidia germination (GR) percentages, as compared with the controls (Soares, Monteiro, Babosa, & Mochi, ), as follows:

BI = \frac{47 [VG] + 43 [SP] + 10 [GR]}{100}

where the BI defines the level of fungicide toxicity against the entomopathogenic fungus ( B. bassiana ) in vitro, and GR, VG and SP are the proportions of conidia germination, fungus vegetative growth and conidia numbers, respectively, of the fungicide treatments compared with the controls.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro compatibility of Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040 with copper fungicides

Celar

Kos

2020

J Applied Entomology

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Copper fungicides and mycoinsecticides based on entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria spp. are the most common pesticides used in organic crop production systems. The in vitro effects of the copper fungicides copper oxide, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulphate, dicopper chloride trihydroxide and tribasic copper sulphate were investigated for mycelial growth, sporulation and conidial germination of the ATCC 74040 commercial strain of Beauveria bassiana. Mycelial growth was evaluated on potato dextrose agar plates with 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25% and 0% of the recommended application rates of each fungicide at 15 and 25°C. Sporulation and conidial germination were determined at the recommended field doses of each fungicide at 25°C. All copper fungicides had fungistatic or fungicidal effects on B. bassiana that varied according to the dose. Only in two cases, copper oxide at 15°C and copper hydroxide at 25°C, at the lowest concentration of 6.5%, was mycelial growth not statistically significantly inhibited. Inhibition of mycelial growth depended both on the fungicide and its concentration, and partly on temperature. Both sporulation and conidial germination of B. bassiana were significantly inhibited by all fungicides. All fungicides inhibited the sporulation in a similar way (99.8%–100%). With the exception of copper oxychloride (inhibition, 13.6%), the other fungicides showed high detrimental effects on conidial germination (inhibition, 91.7%–100%). The fungus was strongly affected by some fungicides even at the lowest doses. The biological index used for the B. bassiana with copper fungicides ranged from 0.6 (copper sulphate) to 18.1 (copper oxychloride). Therefore, the tested fungicides were classified into the upper half of the highly toxic (T) category and are considered incompatible with the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana strain ATCC 74040 under in vivo experimental conditions. These results need to be further verified in vitro under both greenhouse and open‐field conditions.

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BI = \frac{47 [VG] + 43 [SP] + 10 [GR]}{100}

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro compatibility of Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040 with copper fungicides

Celar

Kos

2020

J Applied Entomology

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“…The insecticide spiromesifen did not affect the biological traits of I. javanica CG1282. The germination of conidia is the first step for the successful fungal infection on the host and the subsequent epizootic (Alizadeh, Samih, Khezri, & Riseh, 2007;Khalil, Shah, & Naeem, 1985), so the toxicity of insecticides on this biological trait must be firstly accounted in compatibility tests ( Faria, Hotchkiss, Hajek, & Wraight, 2010;Hirose et al, 2001;Neves, Hirose, Tchujo, & Moino, 2001;Silva et al, 2013). Likewise, Cuthbertson, Walters, and Deppe (2005), Cuthbertson et al (2008) Elbert, Fischer, & Tieman, 2003), which could impair the cellular immune system and facilitate fungal penetration and development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each treatment (i.e., mixture of fungal conidia + insecticide) was replicated four times (i.e., four independent tubes per treatment). To simulate a tank mixing of fungal conidia and pesticide, these mixtures were vigorously vortexed for 1 min and kept at constant agitation in a rotary shaker set to 25°C with 250 rpm for 2 hr prior to sampling (Silva, Quintela, Mascarin, Barrigossi, & Lião, 2013).…”

Section: In Vitro Compatibility Between Isaria Javanica and Chemicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced mortality of Bemisia tabaci nymphs by Isaria javanica combined with sublethal doses of chemical insecticides

Santos

Quintela

Mascarin³

et al. 2018

J Applied Entomology

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The aim of this current study was to evaluate the mortality of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) nymphs by the combination between the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria javanica (Friedrichs & Bally) Samson & Hywel‐Jones and synthetic chemical insecticides. The bioefficacy of I. javanica and the insect growth regulators named spiromesifen and buprofezin was tested alone and in combination against B. tabaci nymphs under screenhouse conditions. The in vitro compatibility between these two control agents was previously assessed under laboratory conditions. The sublethal concentration (LC25) of these insecticides towards second‐instar nymphs was determined and then mixed with the fungal treatments to investigate the type of interaction. All I. javanica isolates at 5 × 107 conidia/ml inflicted nymphal mortality by up to 62.4%. The insecticides did not influence the germination and mycelial growth of the selected I. javanica isolate CG1282. In general, the insecticide–fungus combinations increased nymphal mortalities in comparison with their single counterparts. Combinations with the fungus and buprofezin or spiromesifen augmented nymphal mortality by 10% and 24%, respectively, in comparison with the fungus alone. Additive interaction was found with the combination of the I. javanica CG1282 at 1 × 106 conidia/ml and spiromesifen at 1.56 ppm, and additive and synergistic interactions were achieved with the fungus at 5 × 106 conidia/ml and spiromesifen at 3.12, 6.25 and 12.5 ppm. Additive interactions were also observed from mixtures of fungus at 5 × 106 and buprofezin at 3.12 and 6.25 ppm. Only combinations of I. javanica with spiromesifen reduced to some extent the mycosis on dead nymphs. The joint action of I. javanica with sublethal doses of these insecticides may be a promising tool to assist in the integrated management system for B. tabaci.

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“…Our management system (T 2 ) showed that a well-designed pest management program can control insect pests in an ecological manner (Bux et al, 2013;Ehi-Eromosele et al, 2013, improving overall environmental quality USEPA, 2015). Rodrigo et al (2013) reported that recommended insecticide application compatible with IPM practices are beneficial for the control of rice pests at any stage of crop.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Production without Insecticide in Smallholder Farmer's Field

Ali

Bari

Ahmed

et al. 2017

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Highlights:• Use of perching, sweeping, and need based insecticide (IPM technique) useage produce at par yields compared to prophylactic insecticide useage in rice fields.• There exists a technique that can reduce 75% of insecticide useage in rice field.• The results were obtained in cooperation between smallholder rice farmers and researchers of Bangladesh.Currently rice protection from insect pests solely depends on chemical pesticides which have tremendous impact on biodiversity, environment, animal, and human health. To reduce their impact from our society we need to cut pesticide use from agricultural practices. To address this issue, we did an experiment to identify realistic solutions that could help farmers build sustainable crop protection systems and minimize useage of insecticides and thus reduce the impact of pesticides in the environment. Innovations developed jointly by farmers and researchers and evaluated for their potential to be adopted by more farmers. In this paper we tested four management practices jointly with smallholder farmer fields in order to select the best one. Four management practices were used namely, T 1 = Prophylactic use of insecticide where insecticide was applied in rice field at every 15 days interval without judging the infestation level; T 2 = Perching (that is, placing roosting (perching) sites for insectivorous birds within the rice field) and concurrent sweep net samples along with need-based insecticide application; T 3 = Perching only; and T 4 = Farmer's own practices. The results revealed that routine application of insecticides for crop protection is not mandatory which is commonly found at use in rice farmers. In our experiment, where prophylactic method or farmers used 3-4 times insecticides without judging the insect pests infestation level, the similar pest population was found when compared to the field where insecticide was not applied. Our management system reduced by 75% the use of insecticides even if the field was infested with an insect pest. Predatory insects were higher in numbers than that of insecticide treated fields. We conclude farmers' should refrain insecticide applications up to 30-40 days after transplanting to enhance higher predatory arthropod population numbers, which might check pest populations in

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Compatibility of conventional agrochemicals used in rice crops with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae

Cited by 48 publications

References 24 publications

In vitro compatibility of Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040 with copper fungicides

In vitro compatibility of Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040 with copper fungicides

Enhanced mortality of Bemisia tabaci nymphs by Isaria javanica combined with sublethal doses of chemical insecticides

Rice Production without Insecticide in Smallholder Farmer's Field

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