EFICIÊNCIA DO HERBICIDA OXADIARGYL NO CONTROLE DE PLANTAS DANINHAS NA CULTURA DO ARROZ (Oryza sativa L.) IRRIGADO

Dose-response experiments were conducted in glasshouse pot experiments to investigate the selectivity of oxadiargyl, a recently introduced herbicide, in directseeded rice under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Crop sensitivity to oxadiargyl was comparatively greater for wet-seeded (anaerobic) than for dry-seeded rice (aerobic). Likewise, greater efficacy against Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) was also observed under anaerobic conditions. These results indicate greater activity of oxadiargyl under anaerobic conditions, but that application pre-sowing with subsequent flooding would reduce selectivity in wet-seeded rice. The results are discussed in relation to rice production in Mediterranean agriculture.

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Integrated weed management in direct-seeded rice: dynamics and economics

Dhakal

Sah

Kharel

2019

International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences

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In Nepal, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is widely planted manually by transplanting 20 to 30-days-old seedlings into puddled soil. However, transplanting is becoming increasingly challenging due to unavailability and the high cost of labor and energy, restricted supply of irrigation water, and decline of soil quality (Chauhan, 2012b). Depending on the growing season, climatic conditions, soil types, and hydrological condition, the total seasonal water input for a puddled transplanted rice ranges from 660 to 5280 mm (Bouman and Tuong, 2001). As a result, DSR is gaining in popularity as it is an economical alternative to transplanted rice. Direct-seeding of rice on pulverized soil reduces total labor requirement by 11 to 66%, saves 19 to 24 person-d ha-1, resulting in earlier and easier crop establishment (Rashid et al., 2009). DSR has the potential to reduce water and labor use compared to transplanted rice by eliminating the puddling phase and avoiding continuous standing water (Kumar and Ladha, 2011). Direct seeding reduces irrigation requirements by 30% of the total irrigation water required for transplanted rice (1400 to1800 mm) (Gopal et al., 2010), and results in greater tolerance or rice to water deficit (Yadav et al., 2004). Also, DSR matures 8 to11 d earlier than transplanted rice, which facilitates the earlier establishment of the following winter wheat (Balasubramanian and Hill, 2000). Despite several advantages, weeds are considered a major biological constraint of DSR systems (Dhakal et al., 2015; Chauhan, 2012a), resulting in inferior yields and poor stand establishment compared to transplanted rice (Singh et al., 2005). More than 50 weed species reported to be a significant cause of yield loss in DSR (Gianessi et al., 2002). It was estimated that rice yields were reduced by 80% (Mahajan et al., 2009), and even up to 100% in DSR compared to transplanted rice when no weed management practices were implemented (Sharma et al., 1977). Weeds compete with rice for light, nutrients, and water, ultimately diminishing crop growth and development. Singh and Dash (1988) reported that an increase in dry weed biomass at the

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EFICIÊNCIA DO HERBICIDA OXADIARGYL NO CONTROLE DE PLANTAS DANINHAS NA CULTURA DO ARROZ (Oryza sativa L.) IRRIGADO

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Echinochloa colona (junglerice)

Echinochloa colona (junglerice)

Effects of oxadiargyl on direct‐seeded rice and Echinochloa crus‐galli under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

Integrated weed management in direct-seeded rice: dynamics and economics

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