An effect of target orientation on representational momentum

Abstract

Resumo: Neste estudo foram medidos os efeitos provenientes da orientação-alvo na alocação em memória de um alvo quadrado ou retangular em movimento. A orientação dos alvos em relação ao seu percurso era variada; os efeitos de orientação-alvo em uma alocação futura foram observados para o alvo retangular, mas não o foram para o alvo quadrado; Os resultados mostraram-se consistentes com a hipótese de que os efeitos da orientação-alvo (a) podem ser observados em alvos que não têm uma trajetória claramente definida ou uma orientação prototípica em relação à direção do seu movimento, e (b) podem influenciar a alocação futura quando as coordenadas espaciais dos contornos do alvo não são constantes ao longo de mudanças na orientação do alvo em relação à direção do movimento. Palavras-chave:Orientação; objeto-alvo retangular; objeto-alvo quadrado; alocação. AN EFFECT OF TARGET ORIENTATION ON REPRESENTATIONAL MOMENTUMAbstract: The effects of the target orientation on displacement in memory for the location of a moving rectangular or square target were measured. The orientation of a target relative to its path of motion was varied; the effects of target orientation on forward displacement were observed for the rectangular target and not for the square target. The data were consistent with the hypotheses that the effects of target orientation (a) can be observed in targets that do not have a clearly defined direction of pointing or prototypical orientation relative to their direction of motion, and (b) can influence the forward displacement when the spatial coordinates of the contours of the target are not invariant across changes in target orientation relative to the direction of motion.

The varieties of momentum-like experience.

“…Auditory pitch is displaced consistent with an effect of gravity Hubbard & Ruppel (2013a) Effects of implied gravity occur with stationary targets Freyd et al (1988); Hubbard & Ruppel (2000) Effects of body axis and external gravity axis combine de sá Teixeira (2014) Friction RM for rotating targets is not influenced by implied drag Cooper & Munger (1993) RM for linear motion is decreased if a target slides along a surface Hubbard (1995bHubbard ( , 1998 RM for linear motion is increased if a target appears more streamlined Hubbard (2005a); Nagai & Yagi (2001) RM is not decreased if a horizontally moving target slides along a surface and is not visually tracked Kerzel (2002) Centripetal force A target following a circular orbit is displaced along the tangent (RM) and inward (consistent with centripetal force) Hubbard (1996b) Inward displacement of a target following a circular path is increased if the target is not visually tracked…”

“…Variable RM Primary sources Velocity RM is increased with increases in velocity de sá Teixeira, Hecht, & Oliveira (2013); ; Hubbard (1990); Hubbard & Bharucha (1988) RM is decreased if a target is decelerating and increased if a target is accelerating Actis-Grosso et al (2008); Finke et al (1986) RM is decreased with an irregular velocity Getzmann & Lewald (2009) Does not influence RM in schizophrenia patients de sá Teixeira, Pimenta, & Raposo (2013) Larger RM of facial expression with faster changes in expression Yoshikawa and Sato (2008) Direction Descending motion leads to larger RM than ascending motion Hubbard (1990Hubbard ( , 1997; Hubbard & Bharucha (1988) Horizontal motion leads to larger RM than vertical motion Hubbard (1990); Hubbard & Bharucha (1988) No differences in RM between rightward motion or leftward motion Hubbard (1990); Hubbard & Bharucha (1988); Cooper & Munger (1993) Rightward motion leads to larger RM than leftward motion Halpern & Kelly (1993) No differences in RM between clockwise motion and counterclockwise motion Freyd & Finke (1984); Kelly & Freyd (1987) RM for clockwise motion is larger than for counterclockwise motion Joordens et al (2004) RM is larger for targets that rotate downward than for targets that rotate upward Munger & Owens (2004) RM is larger with receding motion than with approaching motion Hubbard (1996a); Nagai et al (2002) Rotation around an axis that corresponds to viewer or object coordinate system results in larger RM Munger et al (1999a,199b) RM is reversed if a change in direction (oscillation) is expected Hubbard & Bharucha (1988); Johnston & Jones (2006), Verfaillie & d'Ydewalle (1991) RM of auditory targets is increased or decreased as targets move toward or away from midline, respectively RM for linearly moving targets is decreased with increased in implied drag resulting from shape Hubbard (2005a) RM can be enhanced if an object moves in the direction in which it appears to point …”

Representational gravity: Empirical findings and theoretical implications

“…One possible account for the lack of an effect of target orientation on downward displacement in Vinson et al is that the orientation of the long axis of the target relative to the suggested direction of motion was approximately the same in upward and downward orientations, and so there might not have been a difference in perceived resistance to motion as a function of target orientation (cf. Hubbard's, 2005a, finding that forward displacement of a rectangular target was larger when direction of motion was parallel to the long axis of the target than to the short axis, which was suggested to reflect differences in perceived resistance to motion).…”