Adaptação da escala de homofobia implítica e explícita ao contexto brasileiro

Marinho, Carla de A; Marques, Ethyenny F.M; Almeida, Daniela R. B. de; Menezes, Anderson R. B. de; Guerra, Valeschka Martins

doi:10.1590/s0103-863x2004000300012

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, the subtle form implies the expression of prejudice in a veiled and indirect way, for example, by stating that gay men and lesbian women have different ideas, beliefs and values to heterosexuals, and that they do not follow the customs of the majority. Marinho, Marques, Almeida, Menezes and Guerra (2004) found implicit and explicit prejudice to be different constructs, thus corroborating the need to evaluate both forms. Devine (1989) maintains that although individuals both high and low in prejudice have knowledge of cultural stereotypes and thus experience activation of the stereotype in the presence of stigmatized individuals, low-prejudiced individuals work to avoid applying the stereotype.…”

mentioning

confidence: 61%

Teachers' Attitudes and Beliefs about Homosexuality

et al. 2010

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Schools play a key role in transmitting attitudes towards sexual diversity. Many studies stress the importance of teachers' and other professionals' attitudes towards gay men and/or lesbian women. This study evaluates attitudes and prejudices toward homosexuality in a sample of 254 elementary and high school teachers in Barcelona and its surrounding area. The results obtained using a scale of overt and subtle prejudice and a scale of perceived discrepancy of values indicate that discrepancy between likely behavior and personal values was significantly greater in women, those who hold religious beliefs, churchgoers and people without any gay or lesbian acquaintances. Approximately 88% of the teachers showed no type of prejudiced attitudes towards gay men and lesbian women. The experience of proximity to gay men and/or lesbian women reduces not only the discrepancy between personal values and likely behavior but also the presence of homophobic prejudice. It would be advisable to expand specific teacher training in the subject of sexual diversity in order to reduce prejudicial attitudes, thus fostering non-stereotyped knowledge of homosexuality.Keywords: attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women, subtle prejudice, overt prejudice, homophobia, teachers.La escuela juega un rol clave en la transmisión de actitudes hacia la diversidad sexual. Muchos estudios subrayan la importancia de las actitudes de los profesores y de otros profesionales hacia hombres gay y/o mujeres lesbianas. Este estudio evalúa actitudes y prejuicios hacia la homosexualidad en una muestra de 254 profesores de escuelas de primaria y secundaria de Barcelona y su zona metropolitana. Los resultados obtenidos al aplicar una escala de prejuicio manifiesto y sutil, y una escala de discrepancia percibida de valores, indican que la discrepancia entre la conducta probable y los valores personales son significativamente mayores en mujeres, aquellos que tienen creencias religiosas, los que practican la religión y las personas que no conocen a gays o lesbianas. Aproximadamente el 88% de los profesores no mostraron ningún tipo de actitudes prejuiciosas hacia los gays y lesbianas. La experiencia de proximidad a hombres gay y/o mujeres lesbianas no sólo reduce la discrepancia entre los valores personales y la conducta probable sino también la presencia de prejuicio homófobo. Sería recomendable ampliar la formación específica del profesorado en el tema de la diversidad sexual para reducir actitudes prejuiciosas, fomentando así un conocimiento de la homosexualidad no estereotipado.

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confidence: 61%

Teachers' Attitudes and Beliefs about Homosexuality

et al. 2010

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“…One possible explanation, according to the author, is that the debate within the feminist movement about lesbianism was not pronounced in Brazil, which meant that women in Brazil were unable to break from traditional gender expressions and continued to identify themselves more narrowly; that is, homosexual women have not been considered ''real women.'' As the most current research suggests (Madureira & Branco, 2007;Marinho et al, 2004;Paiva et al, 2008), this trend may recently have reversed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In addition, the gender of the perpetrator of prejudice, not just the gender of the victim, suggests different manifestations of prejudice. In an adaptation of an instrument for implicit and explicit homophobia in the Brazilian context (Marinho et al, 2004), women appeared to be less prejudiced than men. However, an analysis of the expressions of prejudice against homosexuals in relation to explanations of homosexuality in different university courses found women to be more prejudiced than men (Lacerda et al, 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The reviewed studies indicate that prejudice against nonheterosexual orientations is an evident and widespread phenomenon that is prevalent in various populations and contexts in Brazil Dunbar, Brown, & Vuorinen, 1973;Egry, 1985;Fleury & Torres, 2007;Garcia, 2009;Geibel, Tun, Tapsoba, & Kellerman, 2010;Lacerda, Pereira, & Camino, 2002;Madureira & Branco, 2007;Marinho, Marques, Almeida, Menezes, & Guerra, 2004;Meneghin, 1996;Paiva, Aranha, Bastos, & GEPSA, 2008;Pereira, Torres, Pereira, & Falca˜o, 2011;Pocahy & Nardi, 2007;Proulx, 1997;Scardua & Souza Filho, 2006;Simo˜es, Franca, & Macedo, 2010;Zucchi, Barros, Paiva, & Franca Junior, 2010). However, one study found no evidence of prejudice.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Homophobia or sexism? A systematic review of prejudice against nonheterosexual orientation in Brazil

et al. 2012

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Since it was coined in the 1970s, in the United States, the term "homophobia" has been invoked to define the prejudice against nonheterosexual orientation. Besides the US, the phenomenon has been detected in many contemporary societies, including Brazil. Prejudice against nonheterosexual orientation is strongly associated with the historical and social contexts in which it is embedded, which means that the term should not be used without a clear definition of its local specificities. This applies to the recent debate around homophobia in the Brazilian context. In an attempt to identify existing studies of prejudice against nonheterosexual orientations in Brazil, a systematic review was conducted in SciELO indexes, PubMed, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. The articles were collected using the keyword "homophobia" and related terms, and "Brazil", in the languages of the databases. The search returned 355 articles. Of these, 247 were removed because they were duplicates. The abstracts of 109 studies published between 1973 and 2011were analyzed. Thirty-one articles were identified as relevant. The reviewed studies indicate that prejudice against nonheterosexual orientations is an evident and widespread phenomenon that is prevalent in various populations and contexts. Nevertheless, prejudice in Brazil is not homogeneous, and particular attention is necessary to the inequality of gender relations (sexism) and prejudice against gender nonconformity, which seem to explain, if not cause, most of the prejudice against nonheterosexual orientations. Although theoretically there is a clear distinction between sexual orientation and gender expression, from the standpoint of manifestation of prejudice that distinction seems to be more tenuous.

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“…The Explicit and Implicit Scale of Homophobia, developed by Castilho, Rodríguez, Torres, Perez and Martel (2003) was adapted to the Brazilian context by Marinho, Marques, Almeida, Menezes, and Guerra (2004) and has 17 items divided into two factors, explicit homophobia (α = 0.79) and implicit homophobia (α = 0.74). The adjustment quality indicators were moderate: GFI = 0.90; AGFI of 0.86 and RMR = 0.22.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Validity of a Modern Homonegativity Measure against Gays and Lesbians

et al. 2019

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The goal of this research was to adapt and obtain validity evidence of the Modern Homonegativity Scale (MHS), which is set by two parallel forms with 12 items, one of them referring to gays (MHS-G) and the other referring to lesbians (MHS-L). In the first study 418 heterosexuals between 18 and 58 years old (M = 24,9; SD = 7,23), mostly women (66,3%) living at João Pessoa-PB (50,5%) answered. Both scales have shown as unidimensional and containing a high degree of internal consistency. The second study had the participation of 273 heterosexuals between 18 and 55 years old (M = 23,7; SD = 6,33), mostly women (69%). The confirmatory factor analysis showed satisfactory adjustment indexes for the proposed model and the Item Response Theory (IRT) demonstrated a good degree of discrimination and variation of the difficulty parameters. Therefore, we may conclude MHS is psychometrically valid, easily applicable and can be used in research contexts.

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Adaptação da escala de homofobia implítica e explícita ao contexto brasileiro

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Teachers' Attitudes and Beliefs about Homosexuality

Teachers' Attitudes and Beliefs about Homosexuality

Homophobia or sexism? A systematic review of prejudice against nonheterosexual orientation in Brazil

Evidence of Validity of a Modern Homonegativity Measure against Gays and Lesbians

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