“…Different species of Amaranthus have been reported as nephrotoxic in Brazil, including Amaranthus hybridus, Amaranthus quitensis, Amaranthus blitum and Amaranthus retroflexus for cattle ( Ferreira et al, 1991 ; Lemos et al, 1993 ); A. retroflexus, A. quitensis and Amaranthus viridis , for swine ( Salles et al, 1991 ; Kommers et al, 1996 ); and Amaranthus spinosus for sheep ( Peixoto et al, 2003 ; Melo et al, 2014 ). The intoxication occurs when the animals are introduced into paddocks severely invaded by the plant, mainly in harvested fields of corn, soybean, sorghum and watermelon, where large amounts of the plants remain in the paddock.…”