Detection of enterotoxin A and cytotoxin B, and isolation of Clostridium difficile in piglets in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Silva, Rodrigo; Salvarani, Felipe Masiero; Júnior, Eduardo Coulaud da Costa Cruz; Pires, Prhiscylla Sadanã; Santos, R. L.; Assis, Ronnie Antunes de; Guedes, Roberto Maurício Carvalho; Lobato, Francisco Carlos Faria

doi:10.1590/s0103-84782011005000100

Cited by 41 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…DNA extraction was performed according to the method of Baums et al (2004), and samples were stored at 4 °C until use in the PCR assay. Genes encoding toxin A ( tcdA ), toxin B ( tcdB ) and the binary toxin ( cdtB ) were detected by multiplex PCR as previously described by Silva et al (2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of toxins A/B and isolation of Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens from dogs in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Silva

Santos

Pires

et al. 2013

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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The objective of this study was to detect C. difficile A/B toxins and to isolate strains of C. perfringens and C. difficile from diarrheic and non-diarrheic dogs in Brazil. Stool samples were collected from 57 dogs, 35 of which were apparently healthy, and 22 of which were diarrheic. C. difficile A/B toxins were detected by ELISA, and C. perfringens and C. difficile were identified by multiplex PCR. C. difficile A/B toxins were detected in 21 samples (36.8%). Of these, 16 (76.2%) were from diarrheic dogs, and five (23.8%) were from non-diarrheic dogs. Twelve C. difficile strains (21.1%) were isolated, of which ten were A+B+ and two were A−B−. All non-toxigenic strains were isolated from non-diarrheic animals. The binary toxin gene cdtB was found in one strain, which was A+B+ and was derived from a non-diarrheic dog. C. perfringens strains were isolated from 40 samples (70.2%). Of these, 18 (45%) were from the diarrheic group, and 22 (55%) belonged to the non-diarrheic group. All isolates were classified as C. perfringens type A and there was an association between the detection of the cpe gene and the presence of diarrhea. Interestingly, ten strains (25%) were positive for the presence of the cpb2 gene. The high rate of detection of the A/B toxins in non-diarrheic dogs suggests the occurrence of subclinical disease in dogs or carriage of its toxins without disease. More studies are needed to elucidate the epidemiology of C. difficile and C. perfringens in dogs and to better our understanding of C. difficile as a zoonotic agent. This is the first study to report the binary toxin gene in C. difficile strains isolated from dogs in Brazil.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of toxins A/B and isolation of Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens from dogs in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Silva

Santos

Pires

et al. 2013

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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“…Table 1 summarizes the species and strains included in this study as well as their clinical history. These isolates belong to the Clostridium strains library of the Veterinary School of Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) and were isolated in previous published works (between 2009 and 2013) or ongoing projects (SILVA et al, 2011;SILVA et al, 2013b, Silva et al, 2013cSILVA et al, 2013d). After isolation and confi rmation of identity by a previous described multiplex PCR (SILVA et al, 2011), all strains were lyophilized and kept at -20°C until reconstitution for this work.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolated from animals and humans in Brazil

et al. 2014

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“…Previous examinations of neonatal diarrhoea in Danish and Swedish herds suggested that Enterococcus spp., rotavirus A and E. coli carrying EAST1 virulence genes might be of significance [1–3]. Other studies suggest that Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) and C. perfringens type A containing beta2 toxin gene (CPA cpb2) may be relevant to investigate further in relation to neonatal diarrhoea [4–6]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diarrhoea in neonatal piglets: a case control study on microbiological findings

et al. 2018

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BackgroundMany factors can influence the occurrence of neonatal diarrhoea in piglets. Currently, well-known pathogens such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens type C appear to play a minor role in development of disease. Other infectious pathogens may be involved. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of selected infectious pathogens in neonatal piglets with clinical and pathological signs of enteric disease. The association between rotavirus A, Enterococcus hirae, Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens type A/C and diarrhoea was investigated in a case control study on piglet level. The possible role of E. coli virulence factors was investigated in a multistep-procedure using herd-pools of E.coli isolates to screen for their presence.ResultsRotavirus A was detected more often in cases (25%) than in controls (6%) (P < 0.001). The detection rate of Enterococcus hirae, Clostridium difficile and C. perfringens type A positive for beta2 genes was the same in the two groups of piglets. C. perfringens type C was not detected in the study. Investigations on E. coli virulence factors showed a high prevalence of EAST1 toxin genes (55% of tested case piglets were positive) and AIDA-1 adhesin genes (63% of toxin positive case piglets were positive) in case piglets.ConclusionsDetection of rotavirus A was statistically significantly associated with neonatal piglet diarrhoea.An aetiologic role of E. coli carrying virulence factors EAST1 and AIDA-1 needs further investigation as the study points out these two factors as possible causative factors in neonatal diarrhoea.Detection of E.hirae, C.difficile and C. perfringens type A carrying beta 2 genes was not associated with neonatal piglet diarrhoea. However, the study suggested that massive overgrowth by E. hirae could be part of the pathogenesis in some cases of neonatal diarrhoea.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40813-018-0094-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Detection of enterotoxin A and cytotoxin B, and isolation of Clostridium difficile in piglets in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Abstract: Clostridium difficile has emerged as a major cause of neonatal colitis in piglets, displacing classic bacterial pathogens. However, there is no information regarding the distribution of this microorganism in pig farms in

Cited by 41 publications

References 30 publications

Detection of toxins A/B and isolation of Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens from dogs in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Detection of toxins A/B and isolation of Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens from dogs in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolated from animals and humans in Brazil

Diarrhoea in neonatal piglets: a case control study on microbiological findings

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