Morphology and morphometry of the foramen magnum in Toy Poodle and Yorkshire terrier dogs

Baroni, Carina Outi; Pinto, Ana Carolina Brandão de Campos Fonseca; Matera, Júlia Maria; Chamone, Christina Mahrenholz Kaufmann; Hayashi, Ayne Murata

doi:10.1590/s0103-84782011000700021

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In all species, among the foramens, the greater palatine stands out. In addition, in all species, the vomer bone characterized by a thin split blade, travels vertically inside the nasal cavity, joining laterally to the palatal bones, corroborating the reports of Poposko (1997), Gemmill (2008) and Baroni et al (2011).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Anatomics comparative aspects of head bones of domestic animals and adult human

Dias,

Pessinato,

De Oliveira

et al. 2023

Cuad. Ed. Desar.

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Among the anatomical structures that make up the body of individuals, there are the bones of the head (skull and face) belonging to the axial skeleton, resulting from the union of even and odd bone structures that form a rigid box, which supports and protects part of the central nervous system. Due to the functional importance of the head, this study aimed to describe the bones of this region of some domestic animals, including canines, horses and bovines, as well as humans, and also emphasize the structural similarities and locations in these different adult species. For this, photographic records were made for further descriptions of anatomical bone pieces from the collection of the Human and Veterinary Anatomy Laboratory of the University of Franca. The results were expressed descriptively, following the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria. Regardless of the species, all presented bones incisor, nasal, maxillary, lacrimal, zygomatic, frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, palatine, vomer, pterygoid and sphenoid bones, however, with varied sizes and shapes. Given the recommended methodology and the data obtained, it is possible to infer that the anatomical morphological distinctions between head bones of canine, equine, bovine and human are directly related to the functional, evolutionary, adaptive and postural aspects of each species.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Anatomics comparative aspects of head bones of domestic animals and adult human

Dias,

Pessinato,

De Oliveira

et al. 2023

Cuad. Ed. Desar.

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“…The average total height, width and area of the foramen magnum were lower when compared to than that of Toy Poodle (Baroni et al 2011) Total height of foramen magnum was divided by width and this measurement demonstrated the contribution of the total height in the variability of its aspects. The subjective analyses of the foramen magnum were difficult radiographically, so procedures are important in order to establish the size of the foramen magnum and the final radiographic diagnosis in different breeds of dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Morphology and Morphometry of the Foramen Magnum in Selected Nigerian Local Breed Dogs

DANMAIGORO¹,

MAHMUD²

2022

FUDMAJAAT

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphology and morphometry of the foramen magnum of Nigeria local breed of dogs, in order to characterize the morphological features of the foramen magnum which will help in critical analysis of the occipital dysplasia. Occipital dysplasia is associated with dorsal enlargement of the foramen magnum which varies with the structural geometry. The size and shape of the foramen magnum predisposed dogs of different breed to the condition This study provides database indices for the foramen magnum of the Nigeria local dogs, since the knowledge of skull anatomy and morphometry is crucial to the diagnosis and management of some bony disorderThe assessment was done using Vernier caliper, in which from antero-posterio diameter, transverse diameter was assess. The shape of the foramen magnum (FM) was determined according to FM index that was calculated by dividing antero-posterior diameter by transverse diameter. Base on the foramen magnum geometry and morphology, it was possible to classify foramen magnum into different shapes varying from oval and quadrangular with a shallow dorsal notch observed in all the dogs. Of the 30 dogs, 12 (40%) dogs had a dorsal enlargement and 18 (60%) showed normal foramen magnum. This study will provide baseline data on foramen magnum shape, morphometry and variations that occurs in dogs with its application in veterinary forensic medicine and in neurosurgery and anesthesiology.

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“…FM shape assessment may be of significant importance in the diagnosis of occipital dysplasia (Baroni et al, 2011). Based on the values of the foramen magnum index, we can conclude that cats of flat‐and round‐headed skulls breed have vertically elongated oval‐shaped foramen magnum (Saber et al, 2016), while in the cats of our study, the horizontal oval shape was predominant with about 64%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of sexual dimorphism of the foramen magnum in cats using computed tomography

AKBAŞ

Duro

YALIN

et al. 2023

Anat Histol Embryol

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The foramen magnum is a large round or oval opening surrounded by parts of the occipital bone. It connects the cranial cavity with the vertebral canal. The foramen magnum is an important structure having various applications in veterinary practice and forensic medicine. The variability of its shape and sexual dimorphism allow it to be exploited for sex and age identification in different species. This retrospective study used computed tomographic (CT) images of the caudal region of the 102 mixed-breed cat heads (55 males and 47 females). Eight linear measurements of the foramen magnum (FM) and occipital condyles were performed on CT images. The aim of the study was to find out if the linear measurements of the CT images of the foramen magnum showed variability between the sexes of the cats. In general, the values of the linear measurements in male cats were higher than in females. The mean maximum length of the foramen magnum (MLFM) was 11.18 ± 0.84 mm and 10.63 ± 0.72 mm in male and female cats, respectively. The mean maximum internal width of the foramen magnum (MWFM) was 14.43 ± 0.72 mm in males and 13.75 ± 1.01 mm in females. The difference between FM measurements in female and male cats was statistically significant (p value; FML: 0.001, FMW: 0.000). The MLFM confidence interval was 10.41 mm to 10.86 mm in female cats and 10.97 mm to 11.39 mm in males. The confidence interval of MWFM was 13.5 mm to 14.0 mm in female cats and 14.2 mm to 14.66 mm in male cats. With these intervals, we can predict the probability of sex in cats with 95% confidence. It was noted that measurements of the occipital condyles were not sexdetermining. The difference in foramen magnum index in female and male cats was statistically insignificant (p value; 0.875). As a result of the study, it was seen that the linear measurements of the foramen magnum were sex-determining.

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Morphology and morphometry of the foramen magnum in Toy Poodle and Yorkshire terrier dogs

Abstract: The occipital dysplasia has been characterized by a dorsal enlargement of the foramen magnum which can vary

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Anatomics comparative aspects of head bones of domestic animals and adult human

Anatomics comparative aspects of head bones of domestic animals and adult human

Morphology and Morphometry of the Foramen Magnum in Selected Nigerian Local Breed Dogs

Detection of sexual dimorphism of the foramen magnum in cats using computed tomography

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