Cladocers, Copepods and Rotifers in rice-fish culture handled with metsulfuron-methyl and azimsulfuron herbicides and carbofuran insecticide

The Impact of Herbicides on Benthic Organisms in Flooded Ricefields in Southern Brazil

“…This may have favored an increase in the abundance obtained in the last collection, since some taxa are sensitive to low levels of dissolved oxygen. The values of hardness and alkalinity were higher than in the present study compared to data from Golombieski et al (2008) and from Reimche et al (2008). A difference in the dissociation of ions of the compounds used in the experiments could explain this disparity.…”

Richness and density of aquatic benthic macroinvertebrates after exposure to fungicides and insecticides in rice paddy fields

“…There was a significant negative correlation between dissolved oxygen in water and temperature due to the fact that the solubility of gases in water decreases with increased temperature (Fiorucci and Benedetti Filho 2005). Previous studies in the same experimental area resulted in smaller rates of dissolved oxygen, whereas Golombieski et al (2008) Although there were not any significant effects of the pesticides over the density of benthic organisms, considering the dosages in use and frequency, tebuconazole, tricyclazole and thiamethoxam presented water persistence up to 30 days after their application. Photodegrading is an unlikely degradation route of tebuconazole in the environment, because it occurs very slowly due to the fact that absorption is very low at wavelengths above 290 nm (FAO 1994).…”

Adverse Effects of Herbicides on Freshwater Zooplankton

“…The result of this diagnosis is a scattered picture with many uncertainties, but also with many opportunities for environmental toxicology research. Perhaps the fact that many authors argue that there are no direct effects of herbicides on freshwater zooplankton at environmental concentrations (Fairchild, 2011) or that herbicides do not represent a threat to aquatic communities (Relyea, 2005;Golombieski et al, 2008) has discourage research in this area. However, these authors failed to consider a series of circumstances that might be consider while analyzing the potential of herbicides for adverse effects:…”

“…Some authors claim that herbicides apparently do not pose a threat to the aquatic communities, or have a lesser adverse effect than other pesticides (Golombieski et al, 2008). Relyea (2005) argue that glyphosate and 2,4-D, have no significant adverse effect on zooplankton biodiversity.…”