Controle alternativo de nematódeos gastrintestinais dos ruminantes: atualidade e perspectivas

Cezar, Alfredo Skrebsky; Catto, J. B.; Bianchin, I.

doi:10.1590/s0103-84782008000700048

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Infections with gastrointestinal nematodes are a primary cause of the loss of small ruminant livestock (HOUNZANGBE-ADOTE et al, 2005;CEZAR et al, 2008). The nematode Haemonchus contortus is considered the most important because of the extensive damage it has caused to livestock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthelmintic activity of Leucaena leucocephala protein extracts on Haemonchus contortus

Soares

Araújo

Lopes

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of protein extracts obtained from the plant Leucaena leucocephala on the nematode parasite Haemonchus contortus. The seeds, shell and cotyledon of L. leucocephala were separated and their proteins extracted using a sodium phosphate buffer, and named as TE (total seed extract), SE (shell extract) and CE (cotyledon extract). Soluble protein content, protease, protease inhibitory and chitinase activity assays were performed. Exsheathment inhibition of H. contortus larvae were performed at concentrations of 0.6 mg mL . The effective concentration for 50% hatching inhibition (EC 50 ) was estimated by probit. Different proportions of soluble proteins, protease and chitinase were found in TE and CE. Protease inhibitory activity was detected in all extracts. The EC 50 of the CE and TE extracts were 0.48 and 0.33 mg mL -1 , respectively. No ovicidal effects on H. contortus were detected in SE extracts, and none of the protein extracts demonstrated larvicidal effects on H. contortus. We therefore conclude that protein extracts of L. leucocephala had a detrimental effect on nematode eggs, which can be correlated with the high protease and chitinase activity of these extracts.Keywords: Plant proteins, protease, protease inhibitor, chitinase. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade anti-helmíntica de extratos proteicos de leucena (Leucaena leucocephala) sobre Haemonchus contortus. As sementes, as cascas e os cotilédones foram moídos separadamente e as proteínas extraídas com tampão fosfato de sódio e denominados: TE (extrato total), SE (extrato casca) e CE (extrato cotilédone). O teor de proteínas, atividade proteolítica, inibitória de protease e quitinolítica dos extratos foram verificados, além da ação sobre a eclosão de ovos e desembainhamento larvar de H. contortus. A concentração efetiva para inibição de 50% da eclosão dos ovos (EC 50 ) foi calculada através do probit. Foi demonstrado que TE e CE possuem, em diferentes proporções, proteínas solúveis, protease e quitinase. Atividade inibitória de protease foi encontrada em todos os extratos. A EC 50 dos extratos CE e TE foram 0,48 e 0,33 mg de proteína mL -1 , respectivamente. O extrato SE não apresentou atividade sobre a eclosão dos ovos. Os extratos proteicos não apresentaram efeito larvicida sobre H. contortus. Conclui-se que a ação de extratos proteicos de L. leucocephala afetam negativamente a eclodibilidade dos ovos, correlacionando-se com a alta atividade de protease e quitinase dos extratos testados.Palavras-chaves: Proteínas vegetais, protease, inibidor de protease, quitinase.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthelmintic activity of Leucaena leucocephala protein extracts on Haemonchus contortus

Soares

Araújo

Lopes

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…Currently, helminths are controlled using anthelmintic drugs. However, the global increase in anthelminthic resistance, emergence of resistant isolates (FORTES; MOLENTO, 2013), worrying presence of residues in food, and environmental pollution (ATHANASIADOU; HOUDIJK; KYRIAZAKIS, 2008) have all been an incentive for further research into alternative methods to control helminths (CEZAR; CATTO; BIANCHIN, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity of condensed tannins on gastrointestinal nematode infestations in sheep (Ovis aries)

et al. 2014

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Infestations of gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes in sheep result in significant costs to farmers. These infestations are controlled using synthetic anthelmintic treatments, which can result in the development of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes. The use of plants rich in condensed tannins (CTs) is a promising alternative for controlling infestations of harmful parasites in sheep, and could allow reduction of the chemical products used. This study investigated the in vitro effect of CTs from Acacia mearnsii extract (AE) on egg hatching and motility of third-stage larvae. Egg-hatching rate was measured after incubation with extracts for 48 h at 27 °C. The egg hatch test was performed with dilutions of 0. 09, 0.19, 0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.12, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg mL -1 . Distilled water was used as the negative control. The corresponding egg hatching inhibition percentages were 22.3, 32.3, 39.2, 49.1, 56.7, 59.0, 62.3, 77.3, 92.7, 98.3, and 100%. The concentration required to inhibit egg hatching in 50% of eggs (LC 50 ) was 2.85 mg mL -1 . The inhibition achieved with the negative control was 7.06%. A larval migration inhibition test was carried out after incubation with the extracts for 48 h at 27 o C, with AE and distilled water used in dilutions of 3.12, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg mL -1 . The corresponding percentages of migration inhibition were 16.5, 37.0, 56.3, 79.4, 91.8, and 97.1%. The concentration required to inhibit migration of 50% of larvae (LC 50 ) was 12.45 mg mL -1 . The inhibition achieved with the negative control was 8.53%. The in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity of CTs from AE indicate the anthelmintic effect of AE, suggesting the potential of CT extracts to be used as alternatives for controlling gastrointestinal nematode infestations in small ruminants. Key words: In vitro test, helminthes, tannins, phytotherapy, small ruminants ResumoO parasitismo gastrintestinal em ovinos acarreta inúmeros prejuízos aos produtores rurais. O controle é realizado basicamente através da administração de anti-helmínticos sintéticos o que estimula a seleção de parasitas resistentes. O uso de plantas ricas em taninos condensados (TC) apresenta-se como uma alternativa promissora no controle de helmintos em ovinos, reduzindo o uso de produtos químicos. Esse estudo avaliou o efeito in vitro dos TC provenientes da acácia (Acacia mearnsii) sobre a eclosão de ovos e a motilidade de larvas de terceiro estágio de nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos. A taxa de eclosão foi avaliada após incubação com o extrato por um período de 48 h a 27 o C. A eclodibilidade foi avaliada nas concentrações de 0,09; 0,19; 0,39; 0,78; 1,56; 3,12; 6,25; 12,5; 25; 50 e 100 mg mL -1 . No controle negativo utilizou-se água destilada. As inibições das eclosões foram 22,3; 32,3; 39,3; 49,1; 56,7; 59; 62,3; 77,3; 92,7; 98,3 . A ação ovicida e larvicida in vitro do tanino condensado do extrato de Acacia mearnsii encontrada no presente trabalho indica uma ação anti-helmíntica, apresentando potencial para sua apli...

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“…This is especially so in the south of Minas Gerais, one of the biggest dairy regions of the country, with mean annual production estimated at 1.6 billion liters of milk (IBGE, 2006). For effective control over gastrointestinal nematodes, knowledge of basic epidemiological factors is fundamental, especially regarding the regional characteristics or local specificities and the type of production system to which the ruminants are subjected (CEZAR et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrences of Eimeria spp. and gastrointestinal nematodes in dairy calves in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil

Bruhn

Júnior

Carvalho

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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The aim of this cross-sectional observational study was to determine the frequency and factors associated with infection by Eimeria spp. and gastrointestinal nematodes in 356 calves on 20 dairy farms located in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Ten species of Eimeria spp. were identified, of which E. bovis (37.6%) and E. zuernii (17.9%) were the most frequent. From fecal cultures, four genera of gastrointestinal nematodes were recovered, of which Cooperia spp. (74.6%) and Haemonchus (19.4%) were the most frequent. Variables relating to higher levels of technology used on dairy farms showed a significant association (p < 0.05) with higher OPG and EPG counts, and are discussed in this study.Keywords: EPG, OPG, fecal cultures, risk factors. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a frequência e os fatores associados à infecção por Eimeria spp. e nematódeos gastrintestinais, em 356 bezerras provenientes de 20 rebanhos leiteiros, localizados no sul de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram identificadas dez espécies de Eimeria spp., sendo E. bovis (37,6%) e E. zuernii (17,9%) as mais frequentes. Nas coproculturas, foram recuperados quatro gêneros de nematódeos gastrintestinais, sendo os mais frequentes Cooperia spp. (74,6%) e Haemonchus spp. (19,4%). Variáveis relacionadas a um maior nível de tecnificação das propriedades leiteiras apresentaram associação significativa (p < 0,05), com maiores contagens de OoPG e OPG, e são discutidas neste estudo.

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Controle alternativo de nematódeos gastrintestinais dos ruminantes: atualidade e perspectivas

Abstract: II Controle alternativo de nematódeos gastrintestinais dos ruminantes: atualidade e perspectivas

Cited by 27 publications

References 60 publications

Anthelmintic activity of Leucaena leucocephala protein extracts on Haemonchus contortus

Anthelmintic activity of Leucaena leucocephala protein extracts on Haemonchus contortus

In vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity of condensed tannins on gastrointestinal nematode infestations in sheep (Ovis aries)

Occurrences of Eimeria spp. and gastrointestinal nematodes in dairy calves in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil

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