Intoxicação natural por Trema micrantha em caprinos

Traverso, Sandra Davi; Colodel, Edson Moleta; Loretti, Alexandre Paulino; Correia, André Mendes; Driemeier, David

doi:10.1590/s0103-84782003000100021

Cited by 18 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Poisoning by T. micrantha has been reported in other herbivores; however, the reports were focused on the hepatotoxic effects. 2,5,16 Although ingestion of T. micrantha was associated with hepatic necrosis in sheep, the most striking finding in this study was pneumotoxicosis, similar to that in acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is characterized by acute onset, severe hypoxemia, and diffuse alveolar damage with proteinic edema and hyaline membrane formation. 3,8 In South Africa, ingestion of Crotalaria globifera and Crotalaria dura has been associated with pulmonary adenomatosis of sheep and horses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…9 T. micrantha leaves are highly palatable and readily consumed by herbivores. Ingestion of this plant has been associated with poisoning in goats 5,16 and horses. 2 Poisoning by T. micrantha is characterized predominantly by acute hepatic insufficiency due to centrolobular hepatic necrosis 16 and is often accompanied by neurologic signs 2 of hepatic encephalopathy.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Ingestion of this plant has been associated with poisoning in goats 5,16 and horses. 2 Poisoning by T. micrantha is characterized predominantly by acute hepatic insufficiency due to centrolobular hepatic necrosis 16 and is often accompanied by neurologic signs 2 of hepatic encephalopathy. 6 In southern Brazil, sheep were traditionally grazed in large extensions of the native rangelands; recently, however, sheep have been intensively managed on small pastures where supplementation of the daily feed often includes alternative sources of forage.…”

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Pneumotoxicosis in Sheep Caused by Ingestion of Trema Micrantha

Wouters

Watanabe

et al. 2013

Vet Pathol

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Trema micrantha, a fast-growing tree distributed throughout the Americas, produces palatable leaves that have been associated with hepatic necrosis and acute death when consumed by livestock. This report describes fatal pulmonary disease of sheep triggered by consumption of Trema micrantha. Affected sheep had severe progressive dyspnea for a few days before death. Subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema, reddened lungs, interalveolar septal thickening, and diffuse type II pneumocyte proliferation were the main pathological findings. After ingesting 77.5 and 102.5 g/kg (divided in 3 doses, at 30-day intervals) of T. micrantha leaves, 2 additional sheep developed the same condition. These findings indicate that T. micrantha toxicosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ovine respiratory disease.

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Pneumotoxicosis in Sheep Caused by Ingestion of Trema Micrantha

Wouters

Watanabe

et al. 2013

Vet Pathol

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“…Alterações microscópicas no encéfalo foram descritas na intoxicação experimental por T. micrantha em coelhos (Traverso & Driemeier 2000) e na intoxicação natural por T. micrantha em cabras (Traverso et al 2002). As lesões encontradas nos coelhos incluíram vacuolização, degeneração e necrose de neurônios corticais, do hipocampo, das células de Purkinje e na substância cinzenta da medula.…”

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“…No Rio Grande do Sul, a intoxicação espontânea por T. micrantha em cabras, foi previamente descrita (Traverso et al 2002), em novo surto diagnosticado pelos autores. T. micrantha causou a morte de todas as sete cabras que pastoreavam em um piquete, onde uma árvore foi derrubada.…”

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Intoxicação experimental por Trema micrantha (Ulmaceae) em caprinos

et al. 2002

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caprinos receberam, por sonda esofágica, uma suspensão aquosa de folhas verdes de Trema micrantha moí-das e um outro recebeu folhas verdes da planta à vontade. Os sinais clínicos iniciaram-se 2 dias após a ingestão e ocorreram em seis caprinos, cinco dos quais morreram em até 4 dias. Os animais doentes permaneciam longos períodos em estação, com cabeça baixa, olhar fixo, apáticos e inapetentes.Tenesmo, incoordenação e movimentos rítmicos laterais da cabeça também foram observados. T. micrantha mostrou-se tóxica a partir de 30g/kg de peso corporal. A alteração macroscópica mais significativa foi observada no fígado, que se apresentou friável, amarelado e com acentuado padrão lobular. Ao corte, havia áreas vermelhas, deprimidas e entremeadas por áreas mais claras. Em um animal, a coloração do fígado era vermelha, homogênea, mais clara que o normal e sem evidenciação do padrão lobular. Petéquias foram constatadas entre a escápula e o esterno, no epicárdio, no mediastino e nas serosas dos órgãos da cavidade abdominal. A principal alteração histológica foi necrose coagulativa centrolobular que, em alguns casos, atingia todo o lóbulo, associada à congestão, hemorragia e alterações degenerativas nos hepatócitos circunjacentes. No sistema nervoso, havia tume- Green leaves of Trema micrantha were ground and mixed with water in a domestic blender and then administered by stomach tube to seven goats. One additional goat was fed ad libidum with the green leaves of T. micrantha. Clinical signs were observed in six goats that became ill 2 days after having been dosed with or fed the plant. There were five deaths, which occurred until 4 days after ingestion. Affected goats remained static during long periods and kept their heads low. Incoordination, rhythmical movements of the head, apathy, anorexia, and tenesmus were also noticed. Paddling movements and coma were seen in one goat. T. micrantha was toxic at dosages of 30 g/kg or higher. The most significant gross lesions were observed in the livers, which were yellowish, friable, and with pronounced lobular pattern. Their cut surfaces were reddened and depressed areas alternated with whitish ones. The liver of one goat was slightly but homogeneously reddened but did not show accentuated lobulation. Petechial haemorrhages in the region between the chest and scapula, in the epicardium, mediastinum and serosal membranes of the abdominal organs were also observed. The most important histologic finding was hepatic centrilobular coagulative necrosis, which was associated with congestion, haemorrhages and degenerative changes in the circumjacent hepatocytes. Additional microscopic lesions were found in the nervous system and included perineuronal and perivascular edema and swollen neurones, especially those of the frontal cortex.

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