Serological Diagnosis of Equine Infectious Anemia Vírus Infection in the Central Region of the Rio Grande Do Sul State

Abstract

This paper consists of a brief review on equine Infectious anemia added of the results of serological diagnosis of this infection performed at the Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, between 1979 to 1990. A total of 7,035 serum samples were tested by the agar gel immunodiffusion test (Coggins test), to which 40 (0,57%) reacted positively. This percentage of positivity is lower than in other regions of Brazil, probably due to the lack of predisposing factors for equine infectious anemia virus spread, such as, a low density of blood-sucking insects in the South of Brazil and the seldom use of massive therapies and vaccinations in the region.

Genetic identification, clinical and epidemiological aspects of an equine infectious anemia outbreak in the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

“…Equine infectious anemia virus infection in the state of Rio Grande do Sul has a low occurrence (BARZONI et al, 2018;CARDENAS et al, 2022;REBELATTO et al, 1992). However, in the last five years, there has been a moderate increase in the notification of cases of infection.…”

“…Infection is widespread throughout the territory at varying levels, with the Pantanal (25%) and northern regions (46%) showing the highest prevalence; conversely, southern states show low levels (> 1%) (ALMEIDA et al, 2006;BORGES et al, 2013;CRUZ et al, 2020;TIGRE et al, 2017). In Rio Grande do Sul (RS), located in the extreme south of Brazil, the estimated prevalence of EIAV is close to 0.3% (SEAPA, 2014;BARZONI et al, 2018;REBELATTO et al, 1992). RS has the State Equine Health Program (PESE -SEAPDR), which follows the guidelines of the national program and is suitable for the state's epidemiological situation (SEAPI, 2018).…”

Equine infectious anemia in the western region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

“…This has led to an increase in the number of EIA cases diagnosed. Prevalence of EIA infection in Brazil varies depending on the region, and several studies have indicated these differences (REBELATTO et al, 1992;SANTOS et al, 2001;ALMEIDA et al, 2006;COSTA et al, 2013;FREITAS et al, 2015). Usually, the northern states and the Pantanal region have higher prevalence compared to the other Brazilian regions, which is a consequence of several factors, including previous prevalence, animal movement, rigid control measures, presence of vectors, and official programs for control (ALMEIDA et al, 2006).…”

“…Official diagnosis is made using agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID or Coggins test) in laboratories certified by MAPA (BRASIL, 2004). The EIAV infection is present in various regions of Brazil, and the prevalence is variable (REBELATTO et al, 1992;SANTOS et al, 2001;ALMEIDA et al, 2006;FREITAS et al, 2015). In 2013, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) had roughly 500,000 equines, distributed on more than 103,000 properties, and the animals were used mainly for sports, work, and reproduction (COSTA et al, 2013).…”

Seroprevalence for equine infectious anaemia in Equidae seized in the municipality of Petrópolis, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2015/2018

“…Rio Grande do Sul, but others have higher levels, such as the west-central and northern regions (REBELATTO et al, 1992;ALMEIDA et al, 2006). The prevalence of EIA does not only vary depending on the region or state but also varies according to the animal's main activity and the occurrence of illegal transport (ALMEIDA et al, 2017;MORAESs et al, 2017;BARZONI et al, 2018).…”